4.2 Flashcards
The monomer of proteins which combine to form an Amino acid polypeptide.
Amino acid
A sequence of three nucleotides on a tRNA molecule that matches a specific codon in an mRNA sequence.
Anticodon
A theory that describes the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein.
Central dogma
A sequence of three nucleotides in
mRNA that encodes a specific amino
acid or a signal to stop translation
Codon
A visual representation that shows the
relationship between codons and amino acids
Codon chart/wheel
Openings in the nuclear membrane that
allows molecules such as proteins and
RNA to pass through in or out of the
nucleus.
Nuclear pores
A chemical bond that connects amino
acids into a protein polymer.
Peptide bond
A polymer of proteins composed of an
amino acid chain bonded by peptide
bonds
Polypeptide
A biomolecule made of one or more
amino acide polymers joined together by
peptide bonds that performs a specific
function.
Protein
The process of creating proteins at the
ribosome, using instructions from the
DNA molecule.
Protein synthesis
An organelle composed of rRNA and
proteins that is the site of protein synthesis.
Ribosome
The first codon in an mRNA transciprt
that is translated by a ribosome, which
signals the start of protein synthesis;
AUG, which codes for Methionine
Start codon
A sequence of three nucleotides in
mRNA that signals the end of protein
synthesis in a cell.
Stop codon
The process in which a strand of DNA is
copied into an RNA strand for the purpose of protein synthesis
Transcription
The process by which the sequence of
nucleotides in a messenger RNA is converted by a ribosome and transfer RNAs into a polypeptide with a specific sequence of amino acids
Translation
