5.1 Flashcards
A change in the chromosome structure, resulting in new gene combinations; multiple genes are affected
Chromosomal mutation
One or more nucleotides is removed
from a DNA sequence
Deletion mutation
A chromosomal mutation in which a section of a chromosome is duplicated.
Duplication mutation
A disturbance in the normal function of
a part of the body; can be caused by a
genetic mutation
Disorder
A change in the sequence of the nucleotides in a single gene
Gene mutation
A frameshift mutation in which one or
more nucleotides are added to a gene.
Insertion mutation
A more significant gene mutation that
shifts the “reading” frame of the genetic
message; insertion or deletion
Frameshift mutation
A chromosomal mutation in which a segment of a chromosome breaks off and
reattaches in the reversed order
Inversion mutation
A visual representation of an individual’s
complete set of chromosomes, including
their number, size, and shape.
Karyotype
A DNA mutation which results in a
change in the amino acid sequence
Missense mutation
An error in meiosis in which homologous
chromosomes or sister chromatids fail
to separate correctly, resulting in an abnormal number of chromosomes in the
resulting cells
Nondisjunction mutation
A DNA mutation which results in a stop
codon being produced instead of an
amino acid, causing protein synthesis to
end prematurely
Nonsense mutation
A mutation affecting only one or very few
nucleotides in a gene sequence, such as
a substitution mutation
Point mutation
A point mutation in which one base pair
in the DNA sequence is replaced by another
Substitution mutation
A chromosomal mutation in which genes
are swapped between non-homologous
chromosomes
Translocation mutation
