Vocab

Question 1

Made a dramatic speech to the Virginia House of Burgesses in May 1765. “Virginia Resolves” were his resolutions for the colonies on taxes. No taxing unless by the Virginia House.

Answer 1

Patrick Henry

Question 2

A meeting of delegations from many of the colonies, the congress was formed to protest the newly passed Stamp Act in 1765. It adopted a declaration of rights as well as sent letters of complaints to the king and parliament; the first sign of colonial unity and organized resistance.

Answer 2

Stamp Act Congress

Question 3

male and female organizations that enforced the nonimportation agreements, sometimes by coercive means

Answer 3

Sons and Daughters of Liberty

Question 4

legislation that required colonists to feed and shelter British troops; disobeyed in New York and elsewhere.

Answer 4

Quartering Act

Question 5

tax on tea and other products; colonists especially hated these taxes b/c its revenues would go to support British officials and judges in America; colonial resistance caused British troops to be stationed in Boston.

Answer 5

Townshend Acts

Question 6

aroused intense American fears b/c it extended Catholic jurisdiction (guaranteeing free practice) and a non-jury judicial system into the western Ohio country (Canada).

Answer 6

Quebec Act

Question 7

stubborn ruler, lustful for power, who prompted harsh ministers like Lord North.

Answer 7

George III

Question 8

Parliament’s tax on refined sugar, related to Revenue Act, also cut Molasses Act duty in half.

Answer 8

Sugar Act

Question 9

Parliament required that revenue stamps be affixed to all colonial printed matter, documents, dice, and playing cards; a congress met to formulate a response, and the act was repealed the following year.

Answer 9

Stamp Act

Question 10

Lawyer and political leader who fought the writs of assistance and later became a member of the Massachusetts Assembly and a founding member of the Sons of Liberty.

Answer 10

James Otis

Question 11

a declaration by the British Parliament, accompanied the repeal of the Stamp Act, stated that Parliament’s authority was the same in America as in Britain and asserted Parliament’s authority to make laws binding on the American colonies.

Answer 11

Declaratory Act

Question 12

Philadelphia lawyer who protested the Townshend Acts in his Twelve Letters of a Pennsylvania Farmer, arguing that Parliament might regulate commerce and collect duties, but it had no right to levy taxes for revenue, whether they were internal or external.

Answer 12

John Dickinson “Letters From a Farmer”

Question 13

zealous defender of the common people’s rights and organizer of underground propaganda committees; architect of American Revolution (mainly by manipulation)

Answer 13

Samuel Adams

Question 14

harsh measures of retaliation for a tea party, including the Boston Port Act closing that city’s harbor; most important action Continental Congress took to protest this was forming The Association to impose a complete boycott of all British goods; prompted the summoning of the First Continental Congress.

Answer 14

Intolerable Acts

Question 15

body led by John Adams that issued a Declaration of Rights and organized The Association to boycott all British goods.

Answer 15

First Continental Congress

Question 16

underground networks of communication and propaganda, established by Samuel Adams, that sustained colonial resistance.

Answer 16

Committees of Correspondence

Question 17

Throughout the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, the English government did not enforce those trade laws that most harmed the colonial economy. The purpose of it was to ensure the loyalty of the colonists in the face of the French territorial and commercial threat in North America. The English ceased practicing it following British victory in the French and Indian War.

Answer 17

Salutary Neglect

Question 18

Benjamin Franklin submitted it during the Fr. and Ind. War on 1754 gathering of colonial delegates in Albany, New York. The plan called for the colonies to unify in the face of French and Native American threats. The delegates approved the plan, but the colonies rejected it for fear of losing too much power. The Crown did not support the plan either, as it was wary of too much cooperation between the colonies.

Answer 18

Albany Plan of Union

Question 19

After the French and Indian War, colonists began moving westward and settling on Indian land. This migration led to a rebellion in 1763, when a large number of Indian tribes banded together under the Ottawa chief Pontiac to keep the colonists from taking over their land. The Rebellion led to Britain’s Proclamation of 1763, which stated that colonists could not settle west of the Appalachian Mountains.

Answer 19

Pontiac’s Rebellion

Question 20

issued of October 7, 1763 and was created to alleviate relations with natives after the French and Indian War and started that Americans were not permitted to passed the Appalachian Mountains.

Answer 20

Proclamation of 1763

Question 21

Fought between France and England, in North America, Europe, West Indies, Philippines, Africa, and on the Ocean. Officially declared in 1756.

Answer 21

Seven Years’ War (French and Indian War)

Question 22

was a British commander during the French and Indian War. He attempted to capture Fort Duquesne in 1755. He was defeated by the French and the Indians. At this battle, he was mortally wounded.

Answer 22

Edward Braddock

Question 23

Virginian planter, held the rank of colonel in a militia before he became general. Excellent leader and strategist and fought many an uneven battle, presiding officer in the Philadelphia convention.

Answer 23

George Washington

Question 24

Ended French and Indian War
Britain gained all of French Canada & all territory south of Canada & east of the Mississippi River.
France & Spain lost their West Indian colonies.
Britain gained Spanish Florida.
Spain gained French territory west of the Mississippi, including control of the port city of New Orleans.

Answer 24

Peace of Paris

Question 25

acts instituted by the British as punishment for the Boston Tea Party; closed Boston Harbor until debt could be repaid, dissolved all town meetings in MA, and appointed British as all government officials.

Answer 25

Coercive Acts

Question 26

A philosophical movement which started in Europe in the 1700’s and spread to the colonies. It emphasized reason and the scientific method. Writers of the enlightenment tended to focus on government, ethics, and science, rather than on imagination, emotions, or religion. Many members of the Enlightenment rejected traditional religious beliefs in favor of Deism, which holds that the world is run by natural laws without the direct intervention of God.

Answer 26

Enlightenment

Question 27

On July 8, 1775, the colonies made a final offer of peace to Britain, agreeing to be loyal to the British government if it addressed their grievances (repealed the Coercive Acts, ended the taxation without representation policies). It was rejected by Parliament, which in December 1775 passed the American Prohibitory Act forbidding all further trade with the colonies.

Answer 27

Olive Branch Petition

Question 28

chief drafter of the Declaration of Independence; made the Louisiana Purchase in 1803 and sent out the Lewis and Clark Expedition to explore it (1743-1826).

Answer 28

Thomas Jefferson

Question 29

Document recording the proclamation of the second continental congress asserting the independence of the colonies from Great Britain.

Answer 29

Declaration of Independence

Question 30

Divided Northwest Territory into a system of townships to facilitate the sale of land to settlers.

Answer 30

Land Ordinance of 1785

Question 31

it defined the process by which new states could be admitted into the Union from the Northwest Territory. He ordinance forbade slavery in the territory but allowed citizens to vote on the legality of slavery once statehood had been established. The Northwest Ordinance was the most lasting measure of the national government under the Articles of Confederation.

Answer 31

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

Question 32

Silversmith and patriot who alerted the colonists that the British were coming before Lexington and Concord by taking a midnight horse ride to spread the word and to prepare colonists.

Answer 32

Paul Revere

Question 33

After Burgoyne had captured Fort Ticonderoga in July 1777 his troops ran into trouble and became exhausted, supplies ran short, etc. He then sent an expedition to Bennington to capture American supplies but a force of New England militia met them and defeated them. his men were surrounded near Saratoga by the Continental Army, he surrendered. This battle was the turning point of the war and convinced France to aid the American cause

Answer 33

Battle of Saratoga

Question 34

(October 19, 1781; Last major battle of the Revolutionary War) American troops under George Washington and Comte de Rochambeau trapped British troops under Charles Cornwallis and his troops in the Chesapeake Bay, with the help of Admiral de Grasse and the French fleet. Cornwallis was forced to surrender. Significance: although not the last of the fighting, this signified the end of the war.

Answer 34

Battle of Yorktown

Question 35

Adopted in 1777 during the Revolutionary War, it established the United States of America. The Articles granted limited powers to the central government, reserving most powers for the states. The result was a poorly defined national state that couldn’t govern the country’s finances or maintain stability. The Constitution replaced them in 1789.

Answer 35

Articles of Confederation

Question 36

a governmental structure with a one-house legislature

b) under the Articles of Confederation , the United States had this, with all the states having equal representation.

Answer 36

Unicameral legislature

Question 37

It ended the Seven Years War in Europe and the parallel French and Indian War in North America. Under the treaty, Britain won all of Canada and almost all of the modern United States east of the Mississippi.

Answer 37

Treaty of Paris

Question 38

published his pamphlet Common Sense in January 1776, exhorting Americans to rise in opposition to the British government and establish a new government based on Enlightenment ideals. Historians have cited the publication of this pamphlet as the event that finally sparked the Revolutionary War. He also published rational criticisms of religion, most famously in The Age of Reason (1794-1807).

Answer 38

Thomas Paine

Question 39

a rebellion by debtor farmers in western Massachusetts, led by Revolutionary War Captain Daniel Shays, against Boston creditors. it began in 1786 and lasted half a year, threatening the economic interests of the business elite and contributing to the demise of the Articles of Confederation.

Answer 39

Shays’s Rebellion