Period 7 Part 3 Flashcards
This is the name given to October 29, 1929. This date signaled a selling frenzy on Wall Street–days before stock prices had plunged to desperate levels. Investors were willing to sell their shares for pennies on the dollar or were simply holding on to the worthless certificates.
Black Tuesday
Purchasing stock with a little money down with the promise of paying the balance at sometime in the future
Buying on margin
reduced flow of goods into united states and prevented other countries from earning american currency to buy american goods.
Hawley-Smoot Tariff
govt. lending bank, provided indirect relief by assisting insurance companies, banks, agricultural enterprises, etc.
Reconstruction Finance Corporation
A march of 1000 unemployed veterans who were soon joined by many others to demand immediate payment of the bonuses promised them at a later date.
Bonus march
President Franklin Roosevelt’s precursor of the modern welfare state (1933-1939); programs to combat economic depression enacted a number of social insureance measures and used government spending to stimulate the economy; increased power of the state and the state’s intervention in U.S. social and economic life. Three r’s Relief Recovery and Reform.
New Deal
America’s first female cabinet member- Secretary of Labor under FDR; ironically supported the exclusion of women from many New Deal programs, in favor of men as breadwinners
Frances Perkins
March 6, 1933- all banks closed for 4 days so that congress could enact legislation to stabilize the banking system; goal to restore confidence in the banks and avoid panic and withdrawal; congress passes the Emergency Banking Act during this time
EBA= Treasury inspects banks before they can reopen, give $ to get banks back on their feet; reestablished confidence
Bank holiday
established by the Glass-Steagall Act in 1933; insures bank deposits up to $5,000 (now $100,000); helps bring confidence and stability in banks
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
(ref) 1933- FDR personal favorite; employed 18-25 year old men to work in the national forests and parks; conservation work, planted trees, built reservoirs, parks, irrigation systems; 90% of money was sent back to families
Civilian Conservation Corps
(rec) 1933; goal to build dams to provide electricity for rural areas in TN, NC, GA, AL, KY;
subgoals: stop flooding, provide cheap electricity, encourage industry and reforestation, improve farm production, provide jobs
effects: eliminated flooding, gave 1000s electricity, improved transport, had to move families
Tennessee Valley Authority
1935, court declared the NIRA unconstitutional; president’s code making power was an unacceptable grant of law-making authority to the executive branch
Schechter v. U.S.
2nd New Deal- WPA (rel) 1935; most expensive of programs; “starving artist act”; gave jobs in construction, art, music, history, and literature; employed many women; created NYA youth admin; many labor-themed murals
Works Progress Administration
(ref) 1935; created National Labor Relations Board- could force companies to collectively bargain with unions, companies could not discriminate against unions or force workers not to join unions;
protected the growth of unions- the “magna carta” of labor; wins over labor and cements them in the new deal voting coalition
National Labor Relations (Wagner) Act
(ref) 1935; created pensions for the elderly and disabled; created unemployment insurance; gave aid to dependent children; didn’t cover all workers (agriculture, domestic, government workers)
Social Security Act
Previously governor of LS, a leftist-populist; criticized the New Deal for not going far enough; formed the Share-Our-Wealth Plan (wealth redistribution)= taxes on high incomes and limits on high incomes- no more than $15 mill; also started Share-Our-Wealth social clubs
Huey Long
Roosevelt’s proposal in 1937 to “reform” the Supreme Court by appointing an additional justice for every justice over age of 70; following the Court’s actions in striking down major New Deal laws, FDR came to believe that some justices were out of touch with the nation’s needs. Congress believed Roosevelt’s proposal endangered the Court’s independence and said no.
Court Packing Plan
led by John Lewis, orginially began as a group of unskilled workers who organized themselves into effective unions. As there popularity grew they came known for the revolutionary idea of the “sit down strike”, there efforts lead to the passage of the Fair Labor Standard Act and the organization continued to thrive under the New Deal.( page 790-791)
Congress of Industrial Organizations
United Mine Workers, created congress of Industrial Organization [ CIO ] - helped create industrial unions that accepted all workers and used sit-down striking methods
John L. Lewis
(ref) 1938; established minimum wage and maximum hours for workers; disallowed children under the age of 16 from working; however, did not cover certain jobs (ex. black domestic workers)
Fair Labor Standards Act
The story follows the fortunes of a poor family as they travel from the Dust Bowl region to California. based on the great depression
John Steinbeck, The Grapes of Wrath
Black contralto opera singer; Daughters of American Revolution (DAR) denied her use of Constitution Hall in Wash. DC because she was black; Eleanor Roosevelt resigned from DAR; Interior Secretary Harold Ickes arranged for a concert at the steps of the Lincoln Memorial drew 75,000, first modern rights demonstration
Marian Anderson
highest ranking black in FDR administration; served as an advisor to FDR in the “Black Cabinet’’
Mary McLeod Bethune
America’s leading black labor leader who called for a march on Washington D.C. to protest factories’ refusals to hire African Americans, which eventually led to President Roosevelt issuing an order to end all discrimination in the defense industries (EO 8802)
A. Philip Randolph
1930s US foreign policy towards south and central america; signed a pact at the Inter-American conference in 1933 declaring that no state had the right to intervene in the internal or external affairs of another; recalls Roosevelt corollary
- US trade increased with Latin America (one of the goals)
- however, US still supported governments in order to get economic benefits, used dictators as puppet leaders
Good Neighbor Policy
1932 doctrine issued warnings to JA to withdraw from Manchuria- moral suasion- and denied diplomatic recognition to JA; no force or embargoes- failure; example of appeasement
Stimson Doctrine
in World War II, the nations of Germany, Italy, and Japan, which had formed an alliance in 1936.
Axis Powers
1938 meeting in Munich between BR, FR, GR- give Hitler the Sudetenland; rationale was that if the allies gave Hitler what he wanted, then he would stop; policy of appeasement greatly favored by BR Chamberlain; policy fails and urges Hitler on
Appeasement
1934-36; Senator of South Dakota investigated relationships between business leaders and Wilson- he determined that we got into WW1 due to economic involvement, profiteering and tax evasion by “merchants of death”; his conclusion led to growing isolationism and the Neutrality Acts
Nye Committtee
Anti-war committee formed in 1940; opposed the Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies; members included Robert Wood, Lindbergh, General Johnson, Senator Nye, Senator Wheeler, and Father Coughlin; supported by Hearst newspaper and many republicans
America First Committee
Only way that Europe could buy American war materials in World War II. They would have to transport the munitions in their own ships and they could only purchase the munitions with cash.
Cash and Carry
1941 state of the union address by FDR; freedom of speech, worship, freedom from want, fear; groundwork for US intervention in the war- to spread freedoms
Four Freedoms Speech
1941; act allowed US to lend supplies to the allies, to be returned at war’s end; eventually lent $50.1 billion
Lend-Lease Act
1942; FDR and Churchill met to discuss war aims; reaffirmed Wilson’s 14 points
Atlantic Charter
Dec 7, 1941; US stopped selling scrap metal, oil, and steel to JA, which threatened JA expansion; so, they bombed Pearl Harbor causing the US to enter the war
Pearl Harbor
converted and expanded peacetime industries to meet war needs, allocated scarce materials vital to war production, established priorities in the distribution of materials and services, and prohibited nonessential production.
War Production Board
development of atomic weapons during WW2; spent $2 billion; scientists like Einstein
Manhattan Project
1942, idea encouraged by James G. Thompson that encouraged blacks to fight for victory “abroad and at home”; links black military service with demand for civil rights
Civil Rights “Double V”
Wartime agreement between the United States and Mexico to import farm workers to
meet a perceived manpower shortage; the agreement was in effect from 1941 to 1947.
Braceros program
1944 Supreme Court case that backed EO 9022 Internment camps; said that internment was a military necessity and not a form of racism
Korematsu v. U.S.
VP under FDR; became President at his death; dropped atomic bombs on Japan; favored civil rights and implemented the marshall plan
Harry S. Truman
United States general who supervised the invasion of Normandy and the defeat of Nazi Germany
Dwight Eisenhower
United States general who supervised the invasion of Normandy and the defeat of Nazi Germany
D-Day
mass genocide of Jewish people and other minority groups in Germany during the dictatorship of Hitler and his Nazi party
Holocaust
the American navy attacked islands held by the Japanese in the Pacific Ocean. The capture of each successive island from the Japanese brought the American navy closer to an invasion of Japan.
Island-hopping
FDR, Churchill, and Stalin; separated by distance, must meet regularly to organize efforts
Big Three
the 1943 meeting between FDR and Churchill in which the two agreed to step up the Pacific war, invade Sicily, and insist on unconditional surrender
Casablanca Conference
new “League of Nations” formed at the Yalta conference post-WW2; more power than the League; majors powers given a veto; US joins, enabling affectability (out of isolation for good)
United Nations
