Period 2 APUSH Flashcards
Joint-Stock company
A company whose stock is jointly owned by the shareholders. This helped set the stage for a historic effort to establish an English beach head in the still uncharted North American wilderness.
Virginia Company
Responsible for the settlement of Jamestown. Their main purpose was to find a way through America to the West Indies. The exploration was threatened by a time limit. They stumbled upon the land on the James river and named it after King James I
John Rolfe
Husband of Pocahontas. Become the father of tobacco and the savior of the Virginia colony. Once he figured out a way to take away the bitter tang the tobacco industry shot up immensely.
Lord Baltimore/Cecil Calvert
Found Maryland. He granted huge estates to his catholic relatives, and gracious manor houses. This caused for religious intolerances in Maryland. This led to him losing proprietary rights.
Act of Toleration
Guaranteed toleration to to all Christians. However it severely hurt the Jews and Atheists with death penalties.
Virginia House of Burgesses
Self-government created. It flourished like many other small parliaments of its time.
Slavery
As a result of the amount labor needed to plant sugar. This caused an influx in slaves which mandated laws for slaves like the Barbados slave code which stated that the master had complete control over their slaves and could discipline them for anything they wanted. A version of this code was adopted in North America.
James Ogelthorpe
A soldier-statesman. He became interested in prison reform after his friend died in prison for debt. As an imperialist and a philanthropist he saved the charity colony by heavily mortgaging his own personal fortune.
Puritans
A total purification of English Christianity. They became unhappy with the Church of England not becoming decatholicized. They believed that only visible saints should be admitted to church membership.
Separatists
A tiny group of dedicated Puritans that vowed to break away from the Church of England. The most famous congregation of them was in Holland. They fled from religious intolerance to Virginia but ended up in the New England area.
Pilgrims
The pilgrims were a form of putitan (separatists) who wanted to completely break away from the church of England. They emigrated to the Americas on the Mayflower to find safe haven, after negotiating for rights with the virgina company.
Mayflower Compact
At the stage for many future constitutions but was not a constitution itself. It was agreed upon by all the men on the mayflower before they left the ship. It was an agreement to form a crude govt. Idea of self govt/ law/ voting
John Winthrop
Massachusetts Bay colony’s first govenor. Gave the city upon a hill speech
Thomas Hooker
Reverend, founded conneticut (1636)
New England Confederation
Colonists join together in order to protect themselves form French and Spanish (1643).
Anne Hutchinson
Clever female religious dissenter who questioned authority of clergy. Was cast out of the colony along with her family and moved to rhode island, then new york
Roger Williams
Minister had unorthodox ideas and was cast out of Massachusetts Bay Colony, founded Rhode Island.
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (1639)
Written in conneticut in 1639, was the first real constitution.
King Phillip’s War
War between the Native American tribes of New England and British colonists that took place from 1675-1676. The war was the result of tension caused by encroaching white settlers. The chief of the Wampanoags, King Philip lead the natives. The war ended Indian resistance in New England and left a hatred of whites.
Dominion of New England
Created by England divided up colonies. They send Edmund Andrews to be in charge of the colonies.
Navigation Acts
Established by king of England only allowed the colonies to trade with counries ruled by thie English crown. In reality largely ignored.
Quakers
Pacifist, egalitarian religious dissenters who did not pay taxes to the church of England. Worshiped without priests.
William Penn
Established Pennsylvania (not named after him) for Quakers. Good relationship with Indians.
Sir Edmund Andros
Tried to rule new England, set up harsh restrictions on the manifestations of self-govt. the colonists held so dear, strong military tatctics. New Englanders got fed up and kicked him out.
Antinomianism
The theological doctrine that by faith and God’s grace a Christian is freed from all laws (including the moral standards of the culture).
Captain John Smith
Helped found and govern Jamestown. His leadership and strict discipline helped the Virginia colony get through the difficult first winter.
Bacon’s Rebellion
1676 - Nathaniel Bacon and other western Virginia settlers were angry at Virginia Governor Berkley for trying to appease the Doeg Indians after the Doegs attacked the western settlements. The frontiersmen formed an army, with Bacon as its leader, which defeated the Indians and then marched on Jamestown and burned the city. The rebellion ended suddenly when Bacon died of an illness.
Mercantilism
Mercantilism was the economic policy of Europe in the 1500s through 1700s. The government exercised control over industry and trade with the idea that national strength and economic security comes from exporting more than is imported. Possession of colonies provided countries both with sources of raw materials and markets for their manufactured goods. Great Britain exported goods and forced the colonies to buy them.
Triangular Trade
The backbone of New England’s economy during the colonial period. Ships from New England sailed first to Africa, exchanging New England rum for slaves. The slaves were shipped from Africa to the Caribbean (this was known as the Middle Passage, when many slaves died on the ships). In the Caribbean, the slaves were traded for sugar and molasses. Then the ships returned to New England, where the molasses were used to make rum.
Proprietary Colonies
Proprietary colonies were founded by a proprietary company or individual and were controlled by the proprietor. Charter colonies were founded by a government charter granted to a company or a group of people. The British government had some control over charter colonies. Royal (or crown) colonies were formed by the king, so the government had total control over them.
Headright System
Headrights were parcels of land consisting of about 50 acres which were given to colonists who brought indentured servants into America. They were used by the Virginia Company to attract more colonists.
Indentured servants
People who could not afford passage to the colonies could become indentured servants. Another person would pay their passage, and in exchange, the indentured servant would serve that person for a set length of time (usually seven years) and then would be free.
Middle Passage
Part of the Triangle Trade Africans were transported to the Americas, where they were traded for sugar and tobacco.
Glorious Revolution
A bloodless coup in England that overthrew James II and enthroned Mary II and William III; weakened the monarchical power.
Corporate Colonies
British colonies in the United States whose governments were trading-company charters or were modeled upon such charters. A feature of these colonies was that all political power rested in the members of the company.
Royal Colonies
A colony administered by a royal governor and council appointed by the British crown. In 1679, the king at the time made New Hampshire a royal colony.
Chesapeake Colonies
These colonies were founded in the 17th century. Virginia and Province of Maryland.
Great Migration
The migration of English people from England to the New World between the years of 1630 and 1640 because King James opposed the growing Puritan population of England.
Sir William Berkeley
Royal governor of VA (1641-1652; 1660-1677), adopted policies that favored the large planters and used dictatorial powers to govern on their behalf; antagonized backwoods farmers on Virginia’s western frontier because he failed to protect settlements from Indian attacks.
Frame of Government (1682)
Document provided to Pennsylvania colony by William Penn which guaranteed a representative assembly elected by landowners in 1682-3.
Wampanoags
Tribe whose chief, Metacom, known to the colonies as King Phillip, united many tribes in southern New England against the English settlers.
