Chapter 5 Vocab Part One Flashcards

1
Q

the 19th century American belief that the United States was destined to expand across the continent. It was used by Democrats in the 1840s to justify the war with Mexico; the concept was denounced by Whigs, and fell into disuse after the mid-19th century. First used for the annexation of Texas issue. Opposed by Clay, Webster and Lincoln, but supported by Polk.

A

Manifest Destiny

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The tenth President (“Accidental President”) of the United States (1841-1845). A native of Virginia, served as a state legislator, governor, U.S. representative, and U.S. senator before being elected Vice President (1841). He was the first to succeed to the office of President following the death of a predecessor. his opposition to nationalism and emphatic support of states’ rights endeared him to his fellow Virginians but alienated him from most of the political allies that brought him to power in Washington. His presidency was crippled by opposition from both parties, and at the end of his life, he would join the South in secession from the United States.

A

John Tyler

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

An American inventor who invented the telegraph in 1844. He late helped developed what is now known as the Morse Code.

A

Samuel F. B. Morse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

the slogan “Bread or Death,” 5,000 business failures, and high unemployment were factors in this financial crisis.

A

Panic of 1857

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

An aggressive slogan adopted in the Oregon boundary dispute, a dispute over where the border between Canada and Oregon should be drawn. This was also Polk’s slogan- the Democrats’ wanted the U.S. border drawn at the 54’40” latitude. Polk settled for the 49 latitude in 1846.

A

Fifty-four Forty or Fight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

11th President of the United States from Tennessee; committed to westward expansion (believed in Manifest Destiny); led the country during the Mexican War; U.S. annexed Texas and took over Oregon during his administration

A

James K. Polk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

proposed in 1846 that congress ban slavery in all southwestern lands that might become states; passed in the House but not by the Senate; slave states saw it as a northern attack on slavery

A

Wilmot Proviso

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

This took place in 1854. A group of southerners met with Spanish officials in Belgium to attempt to get more slave territory. They felt this would balance out congress. They tried to buy Cuba but the Spanish would not sell it. Southerners wanted to take it by force and the northerners were outraged by this thought.

A

Ostend Manifesto

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Boundary dispute between US/Canada. Near the Aroostook River, Canadian lumberjacks were sent to work and Maine’s Americans tried to eject them. Canada wanted to send an army but General Scott prevented this. It was solved by the Webster-Ashburton Treaty in 1842.

A

Aroostook War

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

signed August 9, 1842, was a treaty resolving several border issues between the United States and the British North American colonies, particularly a dispute over the location of the Maine-New Brunswick border. Also banned the slave trade (on the ocean)

A

Webster- Ashburton Treaty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

(1846-1848) armed conflict between America and Mexico over annexation of Texas which Mexico still considered theirs despite of the Texas revolution in 1836. Captured Mexico City forcing Mexico to the sale of its northern territories to US. Polk completed goal of territorial expansion of US to pacific coast. Resulted in Mexican cession in exchange for 15 million.

A

Mexican War

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Whig Party Candidate for the election of 1848 who ran against Lewis Cass, a veteran of the war of 1812. He won the election to become the 12th President of the U.S. and the second to die in office. His vice president Millard Fillmore took over in July of 1850. He was a Louisiana plantation owner and the last president to own slaves while in office. He was known as “Old Rough and Ready” because of his past military experiences starting in the War of 1812 and ending with the Mexican American War. He took a moderate stance on the issue of the extension of slavery into new states. He laid the foundations for the Compromise of 1850, which would occur during Fillmore’s term in office.

A

Zachary Taylor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Republican, “Pathfinder of the West”, “Kansas-less”, Against extension of slavery in territories. an american military officer, explorer, the first candidate of the republican party for the office of president of the united states, and the first presidential candidate of a major party to run on a platform in opposition to slavery.

A

John C. Fremont

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

It was the treaty negotiated between Mexico and the United States during the Mexican War and signed on February 2, 1848. In an attempt to secure territorial gains by the end of the war, President James Polk sent chief clerk of the State Department, Nicholas P. Trist, to negotiate a treaty with Mexican dictator Santa Anna. The terms of this treaty confirmed the American title to Texas and yielded the enormous area stretching westward to Oregon and the Pacific Ocean (this area was called the Mexican Cession, a territory that included the coveted California). This treaty had Mexico to cede about half of its land to the United States, but America agreed to pay $15 million for the territory and to assume the claims of its citizens against Mexico for $3.25 million.

A

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

historical name for the region of the present day southwestern United States that was ceded to the U.S. by Mexico in 1848 under the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo following the Mexican-American War. this massive land grab was significant because the question of extending slavery into newly acquired territories had become the leading national political issue.

A

Mexican Cession

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

the purchasing of land from Mexico that completed the continental United States It provided the land needed to build the transcontinental railroad.

A

Gadsden Purchase

17
Q

He was the military leader who convinced the Japanese to sign a treaty in 1853 with the U.S. The treaty allowed for a commercial foot in Japan which was helpful with furthering a relationship with Japan.

A

Matthew C. Perry, Japan

18
Q

It was organized by anti-slavery men in the north, democrats who were resentful at Polk’s actions, and some conscience Whigs. This party was against slavery in the new territories. They also advocated federal aid for internal improvements and urged free government homesteads for settlers. This was foreshadowed the emergence of the Republican party.

A

Free-Soil Party

19
Q

Kansas was being disputed for free or slave soil during 1854-1857, by popular sovereignty. In 1857, there were enough free-soilers to overrule the slave-soilers. So many people were feuding that disagreements eventually led to killing in Kansas between pro-slavery and anti-slavery forces.

A

Bleeding Kansas

20
Q

people of territory make their own decision regarding slavery;
expected to use constitutional principles;
General Lewis Cass= “father”

A

Popular Sovereignty

21
Q
suggested by Clay;
signed by Pres. Fillmore;
enacted a more feasible fugitive slave law; 
lead to brief era of good feeling;
CA=free, TX=slave, NM & UT= undecided
A

Compromise of 1850

22
Q

Senator from Illinois who ran for president against Abraham Lincoln. Wrote the Kansas-Nebreaska Act and the Freeport Doctrine

A

Stephen A. Douglas

23
Q

proposed by Douglas;
K & N have popular sovereignty;
north unhappy causes much unrest;
repeals Missouri Compromise and ends Fugitive Slave Law

A

Kansas-Nebraska Act

24
Q

opposed immigration and Catholic influence. They answered questions from outsiders about the party by saying “I know nothing”.

A

Know-Nothing Party

25
Q

Democrat, “Kansas-less”, Pennsylvania lawyer, “Old Buck”, For popular sovereignty. the 15th president of the united states (1857-1861). he tried to maintain a balance between proslavery and antislavery factions, but his moderate views angered radicals in both north and south, and he was unable to forestall the secession of south carolina on december 20, 1860.

A

James Buchanan

26
Q

came from the Compromise of 1850; paid federal commissioners were appointed and given authority to issue warrants, gather, posses and force citizens to help catch runaway slaves; the slaves could not testify inthier own behalf, “Man-Stealing Law”. shocked moderates into being antislaveryites

A

Fugitive Slave Law

27
Q

journey taken by runaway slaves (“passengers”);

assisted by antislavery men/women (“conductors”) to the north;

A

Underground Railroad

28
Q

Former slave who escaped and then returned to the South to help other slaves out of captivity. Later served as a spy in the Civil War.
Sig: Helped to found the underground railroad, allowed for the freedom of many slaves, exemplified white slaveholders fears.

A

Harriet Tubman

29
Q

A Missouri slave sued for his freedom, claiming that his four year stay in the northern portion of the Louisiana Territory made free land by the Missouri Compromise had made him a free man. The U.S, Supreme Court decided he couldn’t sue in federal court because he was property, not a citizen.

A

Dred Scott vs. Sanford

30
Q

A series of seven debates. The two argued the important issues of the day like popular sovereignty, the Lecompton Constitution and the Dred Scott decision. One of the two won these debates, but the other’s position in these debates helped him win in the 1860 presidential election.

A

Lincoln-Douglas Debates

31
Q

The doctrine occurred in Freeport, Illinois during the debates of Lincoln and Douglas for senator. This was a question that Lincoln asked Douglas that made Douglas answer in such a way that the South would know that he was not truly supporting them.

A

Freeport Doctrine

32
Q

In 1856 Senator Charles Sumner made an abolitionist speech insulting SC Senator Andrew Butler
Preston Brooks, Butler’s nephew and Congressman from SC, heard Sumner’s speech and on the Senate floor beat him into a coma with his cane.
The beating helped to escalate tensions between north and south

A

Sumner-Brooks incident

33
Q

Was a militant abolitionist that took radical extremes to make his views clear. In May of 1856, led a group of his followers to Pottawattamie Creek and launched a bloody attack against pro-slavery men killing five people. This began violent retaliation against Brown and his followers. This violent attack against slavery helped give Kansas its nick name, “bleeding Kansas”.

A

John Brown

34
Q

Occurred in October of 1859. John Brown of Kansas attempted to create a major revolt among the slaves. He wanted to ride down the river and provide the slaves with arms from the North, but he failed to get the slaves organized. Brown was captured. The effects of this were as such: the South saw the act as one of treason and were encouraged to separate from the North, and Brown became a martyr to the northern abolitionist cause.

A

Harpers Ferry Raid

35
Q

She wrote the abolitionist book. It helped to crystallize the rift between the North and South. It has been called the greatest American propaganda novel ever written, and helped to bring about the Civil War. In 1862, when she visited President Lincoln, legend claims that he greeted her: “So this is the little lady who made this big war?”

A

Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Tom’s Cabin

36
Q

book entitled ‘Impending Crisis of the South’ that stirred trouble. Attempted to prove that indirectly the non-slave holding whites were the ones who suffered the most from slavery; the book was banned in the South but countless copies were distributed as campaign material for republicans

A

Hinton R. Helper, Impending Crisis of the South