Chapter 5 Vocab Part Two Flashcards
There were four slave states that stayed in the Union because of the assurances that the war was being fought to preserve the Union rather than end slavery. These four were Missouri, Delaware, Kentucky, and Maryland. Maryland was the key state for the North to keep in the Union. If it had joined the confederacy, the capital, DC, would have been surrounded by the Confederacy.
Border States
In February, 1861, delegates from the states that had seceded (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, South Carolina, and Texas) met and formed this, or This. State sovereignty and independence were stressed. Slavery was legalized and the government was forbidden to pass protective tariffs. Jefferson Davis was named the President of this.
Confederate States of America
was the President of the Southern Confederate States from 1860 to 1865 after their succession from the Union. During this time, Davis struggled to form a solid government for the states to be governed by. he worked hard with solidating the civil government and carrying out military operations. POLITICAL.
Jefferson Davis
In 1862, through this, Congress gave each state 30,000 acres of land per Congress member to sell for the creation of universities. These colleges would be focused on agriculture and the mechanical arts.
Morrill Land Grant Act
This was an act passed by Congress in 1861 to meet the cost of the war. It raised the taxes on shipping from 5 to 10 percent however later needed to increase to meet the demanding cost of the war. This was just one the new taxes being passed to meet the demanding costs of the war. Although they were still low to today’s standers they still raked in millions of dollars.
Morrill Tariff Act
Act that allowed a settler to acquire as much as 160 acres of land by living on it for 5 years, improving it, and paying a nominal fee of about $30 - instead of public land being sold primarily for revenue, it was now being given away to encourage a rapid filling of empty spaces and to provide a stimulus to the family farm, turned out to be a cruel hoax because the land given to the settlers usually had terrible soil and the weather included no precipitation, many farms were repo’d or failed until “dry farming” took root on the plains , then wheat, then massive irrigation projects
Homestead Act
Built following the War of 1812, and still not completely finished by 1861, the fort is located in Charleston Harbor, SC. is best remembered for this battle, where the first shots of the civil war were fired. Once the Confederate States of America took control of Charleston Harbor, they soon aimed costal guns on the fort, and fired. After the battle, 4 more states seceeded, and their was more support for military action.
Fort Sumter
Fought in 1861, it was the first major land battle of the Civil War. Occuring months after the Battle of Fort Sumter, The North wanted an attack on the Confederate Capital Richmond. Union and Confederate forces met near Manasses, VA. The battle ended with a Confederate victory, with famous Southern Generals PGT Beauregard and “Stonewall Jackson” taking part in the battle. The violence shocked both sides and many thought the Civil War could become very bloody.
Bull Run
was a Confederate general in the Civil War. He was a very gifted commander, and one of the best known Confederate generals after Robert E. Lee. He died of complications of pneumonia, eight days after his arms was amputated after being shot by his own forces at the Battle of Chancellorsville. His death was a blow for the Confederate military capability, its morale, and of public morale. In death, he became a Southern icon.
Thomas (Stonewall Jackson)
Plan for civil war proposed by general-in-chief Winfield Scott, which emphasized the blockade of Southernp ports and called for an advance down the Mississippi River the cut the South in two, the plan would suffocate the South
Anaconda Plan
Organized the army of the Potomac and briefly served as general-in-chief of the union army, trained and organized the army but hesitated in attacking and wouldn’t follow up, creating much frustration for Lincoln, too much hubris
George McClellan
Virginian leader of the Confederate army, brilliant tactician and fighter and the reason the South lasted as long as they did, eventually surrendered at Appomattox
Robert E. Lee
Was a strategic Union victory that allows Lincoln to issue the emancipation Proclamation, and it also ends the Confederacy’s attemtpt to attack northwards, however it was the single bloodiest day in American history
Antietam
first battle meeting of ironclad warships, met on a river and the fighting lasted two days, the result was indecisive
Merrimac vs. Monitor
after earning a reputation at Shiloh and earning key victories in Vicksburg, promoted to general-in-chief of union armies, isn’t as good as Lee but is unrelenting and pursues Lee in the overland campaign, eventually getting him to surrender
Ulysses S. Grant
Confederate forces suprised union troops & drove them across the Tennesee river; union got backup and won the battle but it was one of the most bloody battles in the civil war
Shiloh
Union victory, Lee was overconfident and chose to attack when he shouldn’t have, was the turning point and it shot down the confederate army, it was also the end of confederate offensive strategies
Gettysburg
was a union victory, was a seige and happened at the same time as Gettysburg, the union would hold the city for the rest of the war, and it allowed the union to seize the Mississippi, cutting the confederacy in half
Vicksburg
In November 1864, General Sherman led Union troops form the recently destroyed city of Atlanta to Savannah, Georgia, 300 miles away. As the Army traveled across Georgia, it destroyed everything in its path. Sherman captured Savannah in December 1864 and presented it to Lincoln as a Christmas present. This march was designed to demoralize the South. It effectively split the Confederacy in two.
Sherman’s March
Lee surrenders here, but Grant offers the Confederacy good surrender terms to try to reunify the country.
Appomattox Court House
a citizen’s right to be brough promptly before a judge and told why he has been arrested; this is a Constitutional right which Lincoln suspended during the Civil War. Sometimes the government does things like this during times of war and in hindsight, it rarely looks like the right thing
Habeas Corpus
Declared that “all persons held slaves within any state, or designated part of a state,, the people whereof shall bein rebillion against the United States, shall be then, and thencefoward and forever free”, and allowed blacks to enlist in the army, the border states were not affected by the proclamation
Emancipation Proclamation
This amendment freed all slaves without compensation to the slaveowners. It legally forbade slavery in the United States.
13th Amendment
A United States Supreme Court case that ruled that the application of military tribunals to citizens when civilian courts are still operating is unconstitutional.
Ex Parte Milligan
