Viticulture & Vinification Flashcards
What is Oidium?
Fungal Disease. AKA Powdery Mildew.
Growth of dusty white mildew. Affects yield, struggle to achieve veraison and reach full size.
Countermeasure: Sulfur, fungicides
What is Peronospora?
Fungal Disease. AKA Downy Mildew.
Visible as an oil spot. Germinate white cottony growth underside of leaves. Attacks green portions of leaves, cause leaves to drop, preventing photosynthesis.
Countermeasure: Bordeaux mixture (copper sulfate, water and lime)
What is Eutypa Dieback?
Fungal Disease. AKA Dead Arm.
Spores carried by rain, infect through pruning wounds. Stunt shoot growth, affected cane may die, affects yield.
What is Esca?
Fungal disease. AKA Black Measles
Affects the wood, causing trunks and arms to soften and rot from inside. Esca-infected vines rarely live past 30 years.
What is Black Rot?
Fungal Disease.
Black spots on shoots, leaves and berries. Affects yield.
Countermeasure: Fungicides
What is Bunch Rot?
Fungal Disease. AKA Grey Rot or Noble Rot (when conditions are favourable)
Moldy flavours. Breaks down skin and allow yeasts/bacteria to rot the grapes.
What is Pierce’s Disease
Bacterial Disease.
Caused by glassy-winged sharpshooter. Prevent vines from producing chlorophyll, killing it within 1-5 years.
Countermeasure: Quarantine
What is Black Knot?
Bacteria Disease. AKA Crown Gall
Vine develops galls (tumour) on trunk, strangling vines.
What is Bacterial Blight
Bacteria Disease.
Kill young vine shoots. Developed dark brown streaks in Spring.
Countermeasure: Hot Water, Bordeaux Mixture
What is leafroll virus?
Viral Disease.
Vines displaying red and gold. Leaves curled downwards. Spread by mealy bug.
What is Fanleaf Degeneration
Viral disease.
Vines are malformed, resembling a fan. May form yellow bands around vein. Deforms shoot growth, poor fruit set, shot (seedless) berries. Spread by soil nemotodes feeding on infected roots.
What is Flavescence Doree?
Phytoplasma Disease.
Grapevines turn yellow. Pustules. Form cracks. Kill young vines. Delaying bud break and slow shoot growth. Spread by leafhopper insects and propagation of infected vines.
Countermeasure: insecticides for leafhoppers
What BD Prep 500
Field Spray Prep. Manure. To stimulate soil microbial life and root growth. Applied in Spring/Fall.
What is BD Prep 501
Field Spray Prep. Paste of Silica and water. Encourage photosynthesis and ripening. Late Spring/early Summer, never on young vines. Must be applied after BD Prep 500.
What is BD Prep 508
Field Spray Prep. Horsetail Plant tea. Fight fungal infections. Can be combined with fungicide, spray on vine OR ferment, spray on soil during waving moon. Must be applied after BD Prep 500 & 501
What are some Compost Prep in Biodynamic Preparations
BD Prep 502: Yarrow Flowers. Helps nutrients absorption from soil
BD Prep 503: Chamomile Flowers. Stabilised calcium and nitrogen
BD Prep 504: Stinging Nettles. Breaks down material inside compost
BD Prep 505: Oak Bark. Reduce soil acidity, ward off disease, prevents excessive plant growth.
BD Prep 506: Dandelion Flowers. Helps uptake of Silica and Potassium
BD Prep 507: Valerian Flowers. As a tea/juice. Heats compost and adds phosphorous.
What is millerandage
Hens & Chicks. Berries varies in size and seeds in a cluster. Caused by cold weather during flowering, mineral deficiency, or disease. Reduced yield, uneven ripening.
What are shot berries.
Small, hard, green berries that contains no seed
What is coulure
Uneven fruit set. When significant number of berries do not set after flowering. Caused by cold weather during flowering, or mineral deficiency. Reduced yields.
What is Soutirage
Racking. Wine decanted off lees, clarifying wine naturally.
What is remontage
Pump over. Cap management, pumping liquid from bottom of tank to top.
What is pigeage
Punch down. Cap management. Plunger to push and break down cap.
What is delestage
Rack and Return. Cap Management. Entire liquids transfer from fermentation tank to holding tank, and then returned.
Size of Hogshead
300L
Size of Puncheon
450-500L
How much sunlight is required for ripening of grapes?
Min. 1250 sunshine hours
