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Clinical Chemistry > VITAMINS, TRACE ELEMENTS & TUMOR MARKERS > Flashcards

VITAMINS, TRACE ELEMENTS & TUMOR MARKERS Flashcards

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1
Q

Chemical Name: Retinol
Maintenance of good vision, resistance to infection
Deficiency causes night blindness, growth retardation, abnormal taste response, dermatitis

A

Vitamin A

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2
Q

Chemical Name: Tocopherols
Antioxidant; for cellular respiration
Deficiency causes Mild hemolytic anemia, RBC fragility and ataxia

A

Vitamin E

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3
Q

Chemical Name: Ergocalciferol, Cholecalciferol
Deficiency causes Rickets & Osteomalacia

A

Vitamin D2

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4
Q

Chemical name: Activated Sterol (1,25-(OH)3)
For absoprtion of dietary Calcium
Deficiency causes Hypocalcemia

A

Vitamin D3

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5
Q

Chemical name: Phytomenadione
Cofactor of procoagulants like prothrombin
Deficiency causes bleeding disorder, hemorrhage

A

Vitamin K

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6
Q

Chemical Name: Thiamine
Functions as an enzyme cofactor
Deficiency causes Dyspnea, Cyanosis, Diarrhea and vomiting in kids; Beri-beri, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome in adults

A

Vitamin B1

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7
Q

Chemical name: Riboflavin
Functions as an enzyme cofactor
Deficiency causes Angular stomatitis, Dermatitis, Photophobia

A

Vitamin B2

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8
Q

Chemical name: Pantothenic acid
Functions as enzyme cofactor
Deficiency causes depressed immune system, muscle weakness

A

Vitamin B3

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9
Q

Chemical name: Pyridoxine, Pyridoxal
Functions as enzyme cofactor
Deficiency causes irritability, seizures and anemia in infants; Also causes Facial seborrhea in adults

A

Vitamin B6

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10
Q

Chemical name: Cyanocobalamin
Synthesis of DNA and Folate
Deficiency causes Megaloblastic anemia and Neurologic Abnormalities

A

Vitamin B12

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11
Q

Chemical Name: Ascorbic Acid
Hydroxylation of collagen; participates in redox reaction
Deficiency causes Scurvy

A

Vitamin C

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12
Q

Functions as enzyme cofactor
Deficiency causes Dermatitis, Hair loss and depression

A

Biotin

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13
Q

Functions in fat catabolism
Deficiency causes Muscle weakness, and fatigue

A

Carnitine

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14
Q

Chemical name: Pteroglutamic acid
Synthesis of Amino acids & DNA
Deficiency causes Megaloblastic Anemia

A

Folic Acid

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15
Q

Chemical name: Nicotinic acid/ Nicotinamide
Enzyme cofactor
Deficiency causes Pellagra

A

Niacin
Niacinamide

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16
Q

Enhances insulin action; For glucose & Lipid metabolism
Deficiency causes insulin resistance, impaired GTT, hyperlipidemia
Toxicity causes skin ulcers, renal and hepatic necrosis

A

Chromium

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17
Q

Hemoglobin synthesis; Component of Vitamin B12
Deficiency causes Anemia, & Growth depression
Toxicity causes Heart failure and hypothyroidism

A

Cobalt

18
Q

Cellular respiration and Collagen synthesis
Deficiency causes Menkes kinky hair syndrome and muscle weakness
Toxicity causes interference with absorption of iron and zinc

A

Copper

19
Q

Prevent dental caries
Deficiency causes dental caries

A

Fluorine

20
Q

Thyroid hormone synthesis
Deficiency causes goiter, cretinism, and myxedema
Toxicity causes thyrotoxicosis

A

Iodine

21
Q

For Oxygen transport and Component of hemoglobin
Deficiency causes Anemia
Toxicity causes hemachromatosis

A

Iron

22
Q

Bone and connective tissue functions
Deficiency causes skeletal defects
Toxicity causes psychiatric disorders & Parkinson’s disease

A

Manganese

23
Q

DNA Metabolism
Deficiency causes growth depression, cretinism and goiter
Toxicity causes anemia and thyrotoxicosis

A

Molybdenum

24
Q

Prevents oxidative damage of lipids
Deficiency causes Keshan disease
Toxicity causes hair and nail loss, and liver failure

A

Selenium

25
Q

Protein synthesis
Deficiency causes acrodermatitis, enteropathica, growth retardation, immune deficiency, infertility, delayed wound healing, and osteoporosis
Toxicity causes gastrointestinal irritation

A

Zinc

26
Q

AFP

A

Hepatic and Testicular cancers

27
Q

ALP
Placental-ALP

A

Lung Cancer

28
Q

Amylase

A

Pancreatic cancer

29
Q

BRCA-1

A

Breast or Ovarian cancer

30
Q

CA-125

A

Ovarian cancer

31
Q

CA 15-3

A

Breast cancer

32
Q

CA-19.9

A

Gastric and Pancreatic cancers

33
Q

CA 27.29

A

Breast cancer

34
Q

Calcitonin

A

Medullary thyroid cancer

35
Q

Cathepsin-D

A

Breast cancer

36
Q

CEA

A

Breast, lung colorectal and stomach cancer

37
Q

CK-1

A

Small cell lung cancer
Prostrate cancer

38
Q

Estrogen receptor (ER)

A

Breast cancer

39
Q

GGT

A

Hepatoma

40
Q

HER-2/ neu

A

Breast Cancer

41
Q

Nuclear Matrix Protein

A

Urinary bladder cancer

Clinical Chemistry (16 decks)

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