VITAMINS, TRACE ELEMENTS & TUMOR MARKERS Flashcards
Chemical Name: Retinol
Maintenance of good vision, resistance to infection
Deficiency causes night blindness, growth retardation, abnormal taste response, dermatitis
Vitamin A
Chemical Name: Tocopherols
Antioxidant; for cellular respiration
Deficiency causes Mild hemolytic anemia, RBC fragility and ataxia
Vitamin E
Chemical Name: Ergocalciferol, Cholecalciferol
Deficiency causes Rickets & Osteomalacia
Vitamin D2
Chemical name: Activated Sterol (1,25-(OH)3)
For absoprtion of dietary Calcium
Deficiency causes Hypocalcemia
Vitamin D3
Chemical name: Phytomenadione
Cofactor of procoagulants like prothrombin
Deficiency causes bleeding disorder, hemorrhage
Vitamin K
Chemical Name: Thiamine
Functions as an enzyme cofactor
Deficiency causes Dyspnea, Cyanosis, Diarrhea and vomiting in kids; Beri-beri, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome in adults
Vitamin B1
Chemical name: Riboflavin
Functions as an enzyme cofactor
Deficiency causes Angular stomatitis, Dermatitis, Photophobia
Vitamin B2
Chemical name: Pantothenic acid
Functions as enzyme cofactor
Deficiency causes depressed immune system, muscle weakness
Vitamin B3
Chemical name: Pyridoxine, Pyridoxal
Functions as enzyme cofactor
Deficiency causes irritability, seizures and anemia in infants; Also causes Facial seborrhea in adults
Vitamin B6
Chemical name: Cyanocobalamin
Synthesis of DNA and Folate
Deficiency causes Megaloblastic anemia and Neurologic Abnormalities
Vitamin B12
Chemical Name: Ascorbic Acid
Hydroxylation of collagen; participates in redox reaction
Deficiency causes Scurvy
Vitamin C
Functions as enzyme cofactor
Deficiency causes Dermatitis, Hair loss and depression
Biotin
Functions in fat catabolism
Deficiency causes Muscle weakness, and fatigue
Carnitine
Chemical name: Pteroglutamic acid
Synthesis of Amino acids & DNA
Deficiency causes Megaloblastic Anemia
Folic Acid
Chemical name: Nicotinic acid/ Nicotinamide
Enzyme cofactor
Deficiency causes Pellagra
Niacin
Niacinamide
Enhances insulin action; For glucose & Lipid metabolism
Deficiency causes insulin resistance, impaired GTT, hyperlipidemia
Toxicity causes skin ulcers, renal and hepatic necrosis
Chromium
Hemoglobin synthesis; Component of Vitamin B12
Deficiency causes Anemia, & Growth depression
Toxicity causes Heart failure and hypothyroidism
Cobalt
Cellular respiration and Collagen synthesis
Deficiency causes Menkes kinky hair syndrome and muscle weakness
Toxicity causes interference with absorption of iron and zinc
Copper
Prevent dental caries
Deficiency causes dental caries
Fluorine
Thyroid hormone synthesis
Deficiency causes goiter, cretinism, and myxedema
Toxicity causes thyrotoxicosis
Iodine
For Oxygen transport and Component of hemoglobin
Deficiency causes Anemia
Toxicity causes hemachromatosis
Iron
Bone and connective tissue functions
Deficiency causes skeletal defects
Toxicity causes psychiatric disorders & Parkinson’s disease
Manganese
DNA Metabolism
Deficiency causes growth depression, cretinism and goiter
Toxicity causes anemia and thyrotoxicosis
Molybdenum
Prevents oxidative damage of lipids
Deficiency causes Keshan disease
Toxicity causes hair and nail loss, and liver failure
Selenium
