ACID-BASE BALANCE

Question 1

Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation:

Answer 1

pH = pKa + log (Conj base/Weak acid)
pH = 6.1 + log (Bicarbonate/Carbonic Acid)

Question 2

Reference Value of pH

Answer 2

7.35 - 7.45

Question 3

Reference Value of pCO2

Answer 3

35-45 mmHg

Question 4

Reference Value of HCO3

Answer 4

21-28 mEq/L

Question 5

Reference Value of pO2

Answer 5

81-100 mmHg

Question 6

Caused by bicarbonate deficiency
Seen in diabetic ketoacidosis, lactic acidosis, renal failure and diarrhea

Answer 6

Metabolic Acidosis

Question 7

Compensation for Metabolic Acidosis

Answer 7

Hyperventilation

Question 8

__ result in metabolic acidosis via bicarbonate loss

Answer 8

Diarrhea

Question 9

Caused by bicarbonate excess
Seen in Vomiting

Answer 9

Metabolic Alkalosis

Question 10

Compensation for Metabolic Alkalosis

Answer 10

Hypoventilation
Decreased breathing rate

Question 11

Due to excessive carbon dioxide accumulation
Seen in COPD, Myasthenia gravis, CNS disease, Drug overdose, Botulism, Stroke, Myxedema & Pneumonia

Answer 11

Respiratory Acidosis

Question 12

Compensation for Respiratory Acidosis

Answer 12

Kidneys retain HCO3 because of increased pCO2

Question 13

Due to excessive carbon dioxide loss (rapid breathing)
Observed during anxiety, severe pain, aspirin overdosage, hepatic cirrhosis, gram neg sepsis, salicylate and progesterone drugs

Answer 13

Respiratory Alkalosis

Question 14

Compensation for Respiratory Alkalosis

Answer 14

Decreased Reabsorption of HCO3

Question 15

Principle to measure pH

Answer 15

Potentiometry

Question 16

Reference electrode used for pH

Answer 16

Silver-Silver Chloride
Calomel Electrode (Hg2Cl2)

Question 17

Principle for measuring pO2

Answer 17

Polarography
Amperometry

Question 18

Electrode used for measurement of pO2

Answer 18

Clark Electrode

Question 19

Principle used for measurement of pCO2

Answer 19

Potentiometry

Question 20

Electrode used for measurement of pCO2

Answer 20

Severinghaus electrode