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Equine Nutrition ANSC 4450 > Vitamins, Minerals, and Water > Flashcards

Vitamins, Minerals, and Water Flashcards

1
Q

vitamins are essential for what?

A

normal and healthy bodily functions

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2
Q

what are the 2 classifications of vitamins

A

fat and water soluble

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3
Q

explain fat-soluble vitamins and what they do and where they’re stored?

A

absorption and transport of lipids, requires bile salt, stored in fats

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4
Q

explain water-soluble vitamins?

A

absorbed directly into portal blood stream, not retained for prolonged periods, excreted when blood plasma levels exceed normal (horses can store B12)

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5
Q

what B vitamins are not numbered?

A

4, 8, 10, 11

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6
Q

where are water-soluble vitamins synthesized?

A

hindgut

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7
Q

what is the role of Vitamin C

A

antioxidant, collagen

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8
Q

name the fat-soluble vitamins?

A

A, D, E, K

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9
Q

How is Vitamin A provided, where is it stored, what are its functions?

A

provided as vitamin or carotene, stored in liver, lost over time in forage, useful for vision, bone growth/remodeling, epithelial cell differentiation

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10
Q

Vitamin A deficiencies cause what?

A

night blindness, cell keratinization, poor coat, repro issues, skeletal issues

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11
Q

How is Vitamin D produced, what are its functions?

A

UV light converts sterols to active form (ergosterol and calciferol) functions are regulating blood Ca/P and bone function

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12
Q

vitamin D deficiency causes?

A

calcification of soft tissue (toxicity)
osteomalacia and rickets (bone breakdown and improper formation)

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13
Q

Vitamin E functions?

A

very unstable! functions as an antioxidant, immune function, and antibody production

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14
Q

vitamin E relationship with fresh vs. stored forages?

A

fresh- high in vitamin E
stored- rapidly vanishes

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15
Q

vitamin E deficiency causes?

A

gait issues, poor haircoat, muscle wasting, weakness and trembling

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16
Q

how is vitamin K synthesized and what are its functions?

A

made by hindgut microbes, functions are activating and maturing clotting factors

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17
Q

T/F; mineral content of forages and grains is independent of soil comp?

A

false; highly dependent upon it!

18
Q

can horses self-regulate minerals?

A

no with exception of salt

19
Q

list the macro-minerals

A

Ca, P, Mg, Na, K, S, Cl

20
Q

recommended Ca/P ratio?

A

2:1 (1:1 is lowest and 6:1 is highest)

21
Q

what does calcium do?

A

skeletal structure, muscle contraction, cell membrane, etc.
think forages

22
Q

what does phosphorus do?

A

skeletal structure, energy metabolism, nucleic acid syntehsis
think grain

23
Q

what does magnesium do?

A

skeletal tissue, enzyme activation. muscle contraction

deficiency can cause nervousness, muscle tremors, ataxia

24
Q

how does sulfur have to be provided in the diet?

A

organic forms

25
Q

what do electrolytes do?

A

acid/base, fluid balance

26
Q

what does potassium do?

A

osmotic regulation, excess secreted in urine, watch with HYPP horses

27
Q

salt loss occurs how? too much lost causes what?

A

lost via sweat, reduced skin elasticity, feed and water intake, anorexia occurs, licking objects

28
Q

name cations and what they do?

A

buffer lactic acid and raise blood pH, Na, K, Ca, Mg

29
Q

name anions and what they do?

A

Cl ,S, lower blood pH

30
Q

how does iron affect horses?

A

long term coat coloration

31
Q

where is manganese found?

A

joints

32
Q

what does copper do?

A

connective tissues, Fe mobilization, mitochondria, melanin synthesis

33
Q

issues with selenium?

A

toxic in large amounts, know your location and forage test often if soil is high in this

34
Q

what is the ideal Fe:Cu:Zn ratio?

A

4-10:1:3-5

35
Q

what is the most essential nutrient?

A

water

36
Q

what do horses use water for?

A

GI tract health, fluid balance, solvent, and transport

37
Q

how is water transported?

A

cells, plasma, lymph (more than 1/2 of a horses total body water is outside of the cells)

38
Q

how do horses known to drink water?

A

hormonal response to changes in osmolarity; can be suppressed at onset of exercise (fight or flight)

39
Q

how much do horses drink on average in TNZ?

A

10-12G

40
Q

explain horse drinking behavior?

A

drink 2-8 x a day; drink after exercise and eating

41
Q

what happens if water intake is restricted?

A

reduced feed intake (hay more than grain) dehydration (colic, fatigue)

42
Q

explain how water quality can affect intake?

A

temp (horses like warm water in cold)
TDS (total dissolved solids) horses can have issues with palatability
contamination (bacteria and nitrate can be toxic)

Equine Nutrition ANSC 4450 (20 decks)

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