Metabolic and Genetics Disorders

Question 1

starches are made of?

Answer 1

complex polysaccharides

Question 2

how do get a fructan estimate?

Answer 2

WSC-ESC

Question 3

what to read on the feed tag to get the % NSC?

Answer 3

dietary starch and sugar

Question 4

what occurs in insulin dysregulation?

Answer 4

insulin-responsive cells do not respond normally to stimulation so the pancreas does not release insulin like it should

Question 5

what can be secreted from intestinal cells to cause insulin release?

Answer 5

GLP-I and GIP

Question 6

pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) occurs in what class of horses? and what occurs?

Answer 6

older horses with and without obesity
causes: shaggy hair coat and muscle wasting

Question 7

how to diagnose EMS?

Answer 7

test for ID and PPID
if negative for ID- manage obesity and/or PPID
if positive for ID- obese or non-obese and manage body weight
if clinically positive for PPID- test for ID anyways

Question 8

what is the reccomended test for ID?

Answer 8

oral sugar test or insulin tolerance test

Question 9

management considerations for ID and PPID?

Answer 9

mature warm season grasses
soak/rinse hay
1.5%BW forage
muzzles
dry lots

Question 10

is exercise always the culprit for ERS?

Answer 10

no

Question 11

azoturia is the breakdown of what?

Answer 11

muscle fibers

Question 12

what are the causes of azoturia?

Answer 12

exertional and non-exertional

Question 13

what are the 2 types of ERS? and the break down from there?

Answer 13

sporadic and chronic
chronic has PSSM (1 and 2) and RER

Question 14

what are the cause s of sporadic ER?

Answer 14

level of activity exceeds fitness level
dietary imbalances (too much grain)
hyperthermia
harsh exercise following illness

Question 15

how can we manage ER?

Answer 15

properly conditioned horses
low starch/high fat diet
caution with horses coming back from illness

Question 16

what are the main differences between type 1 and type 2 PSSM?

Answer 16

1: more breeds, mutation in GSY1 gene, genetic testing
2: few breeds, no mutation in GSY1, no genetic test, must muscle biopsy

Question 17

how can we manage PSSM?

Answer 17

regular turnout
prevent weight gain, encourage loss
low starch/sugar and high fat
daily exercise

Question 18

what is to blame for RER?

Answer 18

stress, over-sensitivity to stimuli that cause calcium release and muscle contraction

Question 19

what is abnormal in RER?

Answer 19

arrangement of muscle nuclei

Question 20

how to manage RER?

Answer 20

reduce stress, train and feed first
high fat low starch diet

Question 21

symptoms of HYPP?

Answer 21

heavy muscling, weakness, muscle tremors, paralysis, etc.

Question 22

how to manage HYPP?

Answer 22

for attacks: grain or corn syrup
overall: low K in diet (1.1% or less)
small frequent meals and avoid diet changes