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Equine Nutrition ANSC 4450 > Forages for Horses > Flashcards

Forages for Horses Flashcards

1
Q

what is a forage?

A

edible plant part, excluding the grain, to feed to livestock that can be harvested/stored

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2
Q

forage may include what?

A

leaves, stems, and some roots

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3
Q

how can forage be stored?

A

hay, silage, balage, stockpiled

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4
Q

how are forages classified?

A

growing season, growth cycle, family

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5
Q

why do we care how forages are classified?

A

quality, meeting horses needs, avoiding issues or toxicities

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6
Q

perennial vs. annual?

A

annuals only live for a year

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7
Q

what about biennials?

A

lives for 2 years

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8
Q

what qualities are important?

A

leaf to stem ratio, CP

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9
Q

forage systems for horses utilize what?

A

pasture and hay

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10
Q

forage systems for horses are usually what?

A

overstocked and overlooked

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11
Q

pastures are the most important part of the ____ that are usually overlooked?

A

diet

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12
Q

what do pastures provide?

A

areas for exercise, low-cost method for providing nutrients, socialize time

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13
Q

what is the proper stocking rate?

A

1.5-2 acres per horse

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14
Q

how can we improve our pastures?

A

proper stocking rate to avoid overgrazing, pasture rest, drag pastures to spread manure

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15
Q

what is the moisture range for hay?

A

12-15%

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16
Q

hay is best for what class of horses?

A

non-lactating and maintenance (others may need more supplementation)

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17
Q

name a few misconceptions about hay?

A

color does not equal quality; unpleasant odors or colors, fine-stemmed hay, avoid dust

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18
Q

what is the main form of forage supplementation?

A

cubes and pellets

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19
Q

why is forage quality so important for horses?

A

they are hindgut fermenters so without forage the cecum isn’t efficient, smaller stomach=limited intake= higher quality feeds needed

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20
Q

nutritional needs vary based on what?

A

age, working class, stage of production

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21
Q

T/F: TDN for cattle is the same as TDN for horses?

A

false

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22
Q

hare energy requirements for horses the same as other species?

A

no; we use DE, Kcal, etc.

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23
Q

what is the rule of thumb for TDN?

A

horse TDN is usually 14 points lower, but no true way to convert it

24
Q

crude protein in plants ____ with age?

A

decreases

25
Q

fiber in plants ____ with age?

A

increases

26
Q

how do we measure quality of CP?

A

grasses vs. legumes

27
Q

how do we measure quality of fiber?

A

NDF and ADF

28
Q

RFQ takes what into account?

A

fiber digestibility

29
Q

how do we measure forage quality?

A

hay test from the same lot (know how to sample round vs. square bale)

30
Q

Alabama is what temp range?

A

humid

31
Q

upper south ulitizes what forages?

A

cool-season (orchardgrass, KY Bluegrass, timothy)

32
Q

lower south uses what forage?

A

warm seasons (bermuda and bahia)

33
Q

the south has plenty of rainfall which means what about the soil?

A

very acidic (important to soil test)

34
Q

how do we manage forage availability and quality?

A

soil testing and grazing plants

35
Q

when it comes to soil testing, hay fields require more or less than pastures?

A

more; pastures every 3-4 yeatrs

36
Q

what is the cheapest way to improve your forage system?

A

lime; creates more neutral pH

37
Q

what is pH critical for?

A

longevity and growth

38
Q

what is the pH range for forages?

A

5.8-6.5

39
Q

orchardgrass?

A

cool season, perennial (not grazing tolerant)

40
Q

timothy

A

cool-season perennial (sensitive grass)

41
Q

kentucky bluegrass

A

cool-season perennial (propagates via. rhizomes; tolerant of close grazing)

42
Q

bermudagrass

A

warm-season perennial (spreads by stolons, sprigging)

43
Q

bahiagrass

A

warm-season perennial (rhizomes)

44
Q

tall fescue

A

cool-season perennial (Dr. EN Fergus 1931)

45
Q

alfalfa

A

cool-season perennial legumes

46
Q

clovers

A

cool seasons

47
Q

what is a common issue with red clover?

A

slaframine=slobbers (fungus found incudes savliation_

48
Q

name cool-season annuals/cereal grains?

A

wheat, oats, cereal rye, triticale

49
Q

annual ryegrass

A

cool-season annual (will grow under any conditions)

50
Q

what to be aware of with ryegrass and horses?

A

high in non-structural carbs

51
Q

what forages do we avoid with horses?

A

warm-season annuals like sudangrass, sorghum, johnsongrass (perennial), pearl millet and endophyte infected tall fescue

52
Q

Ywhy do we avoid these warm-season annuals?

A

susceptible to metabolite accumulation like prussic acid and nitrates

53
Q

what forage is assoaciated with fescue toxicosis?

A

KY 31 Tall Fescue

54
Q

the endophyte in KY 31 produces what fungus?

A

ergovaline

55
Q

what does ergovaline affect?

A

vasoconstriction, reproduction, hair shedding (mainly cattle)

56
Q

who is at risk for fescue toxicosis?

A

pregnant mares (abortion, prolonged pregnancy, agalactia)

57
Q

how do we mitigate fescue toxicosis?

A

grazing non-endophyte infected varieties, use other forages

Equine Nutrition ANSC 4450 (20 decks)

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