Non-Forage Supplementary Feeds Flashcards
what are the 3 main feed forms and their mini definition?
pellets: heat and steam press them together; homogenius
textured: sweet feeds
extruded: heat and pressure; pre-digested
complete feeds are ____ based? and made for?
forage based; made for senior horses and horses with bad teeth
commerical mixes/concentrates are made for who?
athletes, mature, senior, mare and foal, depends on the target!
caution with commercial mixes?
check the bag requirements for class and age and weight
what do we use ration balancers for?
balance the diet (amino acids, vitamins, minerals, protein)
who are ration balancers for?
growing horses, maintenance horses, wide variety
commerical fat supplements are ___
stabilized
who are commerical fat supplements for?
more weight and coat shine
name common energy feeds?
oats, corn, wheat, barley, rice bran
name common protein feeds?
soybean, cottonseed meal, fish meal, linseed meal
what is the safest grain choice?
oats; low density and high fiber
pro and con to naked oats?
higher DE and CP; lower ADF; less dust; more expensive for more processing
corn has a high ____ and what is reccomended?
high DE; processing!!! increases prececal digestion
what can specialty corns provide?
high moisture, lysine, and oil
what was the first domesticated grain?
barley
what is the least beneficial grain for horses?
barley (less palatable)
issues with rye (cereal rye not ryegrass)?
similar nutritions to corn, poor palatability, needs processing, prone to fungus in hot/humid climates
milo
sub for corn; must be processed; best used in a grain mix; poor palability
issue with milo and palatability with horses?
darker milo- more tannins
is wheat good to use? why or why not?
no; costly due to humans; low quality protein (low in lysine)
what is a meal?
grinding or pressing a grain, seed, or legume
why does flax seed + grinding not make a meal?
must extract oil before grinding; higher in protein and lower in fat this way
what can be added to soybean meal to adjust CP?
soyhulls
soybean meal is rich in what?
lysine
why can soybean not be fed raw
trypsin inhibitors which impact protein digestion
why is cottonseed meal not used as much as SBM even though it’s more palatable
lower quality protein, less lysine, gossypol tannins binds to Fe
why is flaxseed oil used and who can it be fed to?
used for coat shine, feed to mature horses (younger ones wont eat it)
popularity around flaxseed oil?
high omega 3 content ; but the acid cannot be used without being converted
benefits of canola meal?
quality protein
by-product feeds are used successfully how?
alt. to forage in the diet, useful for horses with respiratory diseases
cereal milling by-products of wheat, rice, and corn?
wheat: bran, midds, red dog
rice: bran and hulls
corn: hominy, gluten feed and mea
brewing and distilling by-products?
dried brewer’s grains and yeast; distiller’s grains
multi-layer outer skin
bran
embryo
germ
germ food supply
endosperm
name the most commonly used fibrous by-product alternatives?
cottonseed hulls, beet pulp, citrus pulp, soybean hulls
watch for what with brans?
high P content can lead to big head disease; get fortified to contain Ca to combat the high P levels
beet pulp is a good ____ source that replaces what?
enery; fiber
soybean hulls are rich in what?
pectin/soluble fibers
what is copra?
coconut meal
copra is high in what? lower in what?
high in protein, fat, fiber
lower in NSC
what is needed to do with copra?
stabilization
citrus pulp is high in what and low in what?
high in fiber and pectin
low in protein, P, and lysine
chia claim to fame?? true or not?
clears sand and high omega 3s; no research!
benefits to flax?
high in omega 3 (ALA, must be converted first tho)
coat benefits
reduced lesions from biting gnats
issues with flax?
cyanogenic glycosides if fed unprocessed or left out too long. plant stress signal!
