Non-Forage Supplementary Feeds

Question 1

what are the 3 main feed forms and their mini definition?

Answer 1

pellets: heat and steam press them together; homogenius
textured: sweet feeds
extruded: heat and pressure; pre-digested

Question 2

complete feeds are ____ based? and made for?

Answer 2

forage based; made for senior horses and horses with bad teeth

Question 3

commerical mixes/concentrates are made for who?

Answer 3

athletes, mature, senior, mare and foal, depends on the target!

Question 4

caution with commercial mixes?

Answer 4

check the bag requirements for class and age and weight

Question 5

what do we use ration balancers for?

Answer 5

balance the diet (amino acids, vitamins, minerals, protein)

Question 6

who are ration balancers for?

Answer 6

growing horses, maintenance horses, wide variety

Question 7

commerical fat supplements are ___

Answer 7

stabilized

Question 8

who are commerical fat supplements for?

Answer 8

more weight and coat shine

Question 9

name common energy feeds?

Answer 9

oats, corn, wheat, barley, rice bran

Question 10

name common protein feeds?

Answer 10

soybean, cottonseed meal, fish meal, linseed meal

Question 11

what is the safest grain choice?

Answer 11

oats; low density and high fiber

Question 12

pro and con to naked oats?

Answer 12

higher DE and CP; lower ADF; less dust; more expensive for more processing

Question 13

corn has a high ____ and what is reccomended?

Answer 13

high DE; processing!!! increases prececal digestion

Question 14

what can specialty corns provide?

Answer 14

high moisture, lysine, and oil

Question 15

what was the first domesticated grain?

Answer 15

barley

Question 16

what is the least beneficial grain for horses?

Answer 16

barley (less palatable)

Question 17

issues with rye (cereal rye not ryegrass)?

Answer 17

similar nutritions to corn, poor palatability, needs processing, prone to fungus in hot/humid climates

Question 18

milo

Answer 18

sub for corn; must be processed; best used in a grain mix; poor palability

Question 19

issue with milo and palatability with horses?

Answer 19

darker milo- more tannins

Question 20

is wheat good to use? why or why not?

Answer 20

no; costly due to humans; low quality protein (low in lysine)

Question 21

what is a meal?

Answer 21

grinding or pressing a grain, seed, or legume

Question 22

why does flax seed + grinding not make a meal?

Answer 22

must extract oil before grinding; higher in protein and lower in fat this way

Question 23

what can be added to soybean meal to adjust CP?

Answer 23

soyhulls

Question 24

soybean meal is rich in what?

Answer 24

lysine

Question 25

why can soybean not be fed raw

Answer 25

trypsin inhibitors which impact protein digestion

Question 26

why is cottonseed meal not used as much as SBM even though it’s more palatable

Answer 26

lower quality protein, less lysine, gossypol tannins binds to Fe

Question 27

why is flaxseed oil used and who can it be fed to?

Answer 27

used for coat shine, feed to mature horses (younger ones wont eat it)

Question 28

popularity around flaxseed oil?

Answer 28

high omega 3 content ; but the acid cannot be used without being converted

Question 29

benefits of canola meal?

Answer 29

quality protein

Question 30

by-product feeds are used successfully how?

Answer 30

alt. to forage in the diet, useful for horses with respiratory diseases

Question 31

cereal milling by-products of wheat, rice, and corn?

Answer 31

wheat: bran, midds, red dog
rice: bran and hulls
corn: hominy, gluten feed and mea

Question 32

brewing and distilling by-products?

Answer 32

dried brewer’s grains and yeast; distiller’s grains

Question 33

multi-layer outer skin

Answer 33

bran

Question 34

embryo

Answer 34

germ

Question 35

germ food supply

Answer 35

endosperm

Question 36

name the most commonly used fibrous by-product alternatives?

Answer 36

cottonseed hulls, beet pulp, citrus pulp, soybean hulls

Question 37

watch for what with brans?

Answer 37

high P content can lead to big head disease; get fortified to contain Ca to combat the high P levels

Question 38

beet pulp is a good ____ source that replaces what?

Answer 38

enery; fiber

Question 39

soybean hulls are rich in what?

Answer 39

pectin/soluble fibers

Question 40

what is copra?

Answer 40

coconut meal

Question 41

copra is high in what? lower in what?

Answer 41

high in protein, fat, fiber
lower in NSC

Question 42

what is needed to do with copra?

Answer 42

stabilization

Question 43

citrus pulp is high in what and low in what?

Answer 43

high in fiber and pectin
low in protein, P, and lysine

Question 44

chia claim to fame?? true or not?

Answer 44

clears sand and high omega 3s; no research!

Question 45

benefits to flax?

Answer 45

high in omega 3 (ALA, must be converted first tho)
coat benefits
reduced lesions from biting gnats

Question 46

issues with flax?

Answer 46

cyanogenic glycosides if fed unprocessed or left out too long. plant stress signal!