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Step 1 > Vitamins > Flashcards

Vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

Vitamin B1

A

Thiamine

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2
Q

Vitamin B2

A

Riboflavin

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3
Q

Vitamin B3

A

Niacin

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4
Q

Vitamin B5

A

Pyridoxine

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5
Q

Vitamin B9

A

Folate

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6
Q

Vitamin B12

A

Cobalamin

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7
Q

Beri Beri (Peripheral neuropathy, Heart failure); Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome

A

Thiamine

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8
Q

Angular cheilosis, stomatitis, glossitis, normocytic anemia

A

Riboflavin

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9
Q

Pellagra: Dermatitis, Diarrhea, Dementia, Death; Peripheral neuropathy

A

Niacin

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10
Q

Cheilosis, stomatitis, glossitis, convulsions, hyperirritability, peripheral neuropathy, sideroblastic anemia

A

Pyridoxine

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11
Q

Megaloblastic anemia, neural tube defects (fetus)

A

Folate

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12
Q

Megaloblastic anemia and neurological deficitis

A

Cobalamin

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13
Q

Scurvy

A

Vitamin C

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14
Q

Thiamine

A

Decarboxylation of alpha keto acids (Carbohydrate metabolism)

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15
Q

Riboflavin

A

Mitochondrial electron carrier (FMN, FAD)

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16
Q

Niacin

A

Electron transfer reaction (NAD, NADP)

17
Q

Pyridoxine

A

Transamination of amino acids (Amino acid synthesis)

18
Q

Folate

A

Hydroxymethyl/formyl carrier (purine and thiamine synthesis)

19
Q

Cobalamin

A

Isomerase and methyltransferase cofactor (DNA and methionine synthesis)

20
Q

Ascorbic acid

A

Hydroxylation of proline and lysine (collagen synthesis)

21
Q

Night blindness; dry, scaly skin; corneal degeneration; Bitot spots on conjunctiva; immunosuppression

A

Vitamin A deficiency

22
Q

Vitamin B1 function (reactions and pathways)

A

Thiamine pyrophosphate cofactor for dehydrogenase enzymes: ATP: Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (TCA cycle), Transketolase (HMP shunt), Pyruvate dehydrogenase, and branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase

23
Q

Polyneuritis, symmetrical muscle wasting

A

Dry beriberi

24
Q

High-output cardiac failure (dilate cardiomyopathy), edema

A

Wet beriberi

25
Q

Confusion, ophthalmoplegia, personality change, memory loss (permanent)

A

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome; damage to medial dorsal nucleus of the thalamus and mammillary bodies

26
Q

Vitamin B2 function

A

FAD and FMN used as cofactors in redox reactions: succinate dehydrogenase (TCA cycle)

27
Q

Vitamin B3 function

A

NADH and NADPH (derived from tryptophan) used in redox reactions:

28
Q

Vitamin B5 function

A

Component of Coenzyme A: used in acyl transfers and fatty acid synthase

29
Q

Dermatitis, enteritis, alopecia, adrenal insufficiency

A

Panthothenic acid (B5) deficiency

30
Q

Vitamin B6 function

A

Converted to Pyridoxal phosphate used as a cofactor for transamination (ALT and AST), decarboxylation reactions, glycogen phosphorylase. Synthesis of cystathionine, heme, niacin, histamine, neurotransmitters including serotonin, epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, and GABA.

31
Q

Vitamin B7 function

A

Cofactor for carboxylation enzymes (that add 1 C): Pyruvate carboxylase (pyruvate to oxaloacetate), Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA, Propionyl-CoA carboxylase (propionyl-CoA to methylmalonyl-CoA)

32
Q

Vitamin B9 function

A

Converted to tetrahydrofolic acid: 1 C transfers: synthesis of nitrogenous bases in DNA and RNA

33
Q

Vitamin B12 function

A

Cofactor (transfers CH3 group) for methionine synthase (homocysteine to methionine) and methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA (for heme synthesis or TCA cycle intermediate)

34
Q

Delayed wound healing, hypogonadism, decreased adult hair (axillary, facial, pubic), dysgeusia, anosmia, acrodermatitis enteropathica

A

Zinc deficiency

35
Q

Kwashiorkor

A

Protein deficiency: MEAL–Malnutrition, Edema, Anemia, Liver (fatty); small child with swollen abdomen

36
Q

Marasmus

A

Total calorie malnutrition resulting in emaciation (tissue and muscle wasting, loss of subcutaneous fat)

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