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Biology and Biochem > Vitamins > Flashcards

Vitamins Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the active form of Retinal

A

All-cis retinal

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2
Q

Niacin deficiency leads to

A

Pellagra:

  1. Diarrhea
  2. Demenitia
  3. Dermatitis
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3
Q

25-Hydroxycholecalciferol converts to 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol (Calcitriol, 1,25-DHCC) Where and with what enzyme

A

Kidney

1α-hydroxylase

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4
Q

Vit E deficiency symptoms

A
  1. Hemolytic anemia
  2. Acanthocytosis
  3. Peripheral neuropathy
  4. Ataxia
  5. Retinitis pigmentosum
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5
Q

Enzyme that require Niacin (B3)

A

Dehydrogenases

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6
Q

Pyridoxine deficiency leads to

A
  1. Sideroblastic anemia
  2. Cheilosis or stomatitis
  3. Convulsions
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7
Q

Important function of Vit. D

A

Helps normalize serum Ca levels in response to hypocalcemia

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8
Q

Cholecalciferol (Vit D3) converts to 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol where and with what enzyme

A

Liver

25-Hydroxylase

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9
Q

Vit A deficiency symptoms

A
  1. Night blindness
  2. Keratinized squamous epithelia
  3. Xerophthalmia (Bitot spots)
  4. Follicular hyperkeratosis
  5. Alopecia
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10
Q

Enzymes that require Cobalamin (B12)

A

Homocysteine methyltransferase

Methylmalonyl CoA mutase

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11
Q

Important function of Vit. A

A

Retinoic acid and retinol act as growth regulators

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12
Q

Enzymes requiring Riboflavin (B2)

A

Dehydrogenases

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13
Q

Bisphosphonates mechanism of action

A

Inhibiting osteoclast action and resporption of bone

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14
Q

Enzymes that require Pyridoxine (B6)

A

Aminotransferasaes (transaminase)

ALA-Synthase (Heme synthesis)

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15
Q

Pathway that requires Biotin

A
  1. Gluconeogenesis
  2. Fatty acid synthesis
  3. Odd-Carbon Fatty acid
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16
Q

Enzymes that require Biotin

A
  1. Pyruvate Carboxylase
  2. Acetyl CoA Carboxylase
  3. Propionyl CoA Carboxylase
17
Q

Enzymes that require Thiamine (B1)

A
  1. Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH)
  2. α-Ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (TCA Cycle)
  3. Transketolase (HMP shunt)
  4. Branched chain Ketoacid dehydrogenase

Biology and Biochem (15 decks)

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