Nucleic Acid Structure and DNA replication and repair

Question 1

Reverse transcriptase is an

Answer 1

RNA-dependent DNA polymerase that requires an RNA template

Question 2

DNA polymerases β and ε participate in

Answer 2

DNA repair

Question 3

Nucleosides are formed by

Answer 3

Covalently linking a base to the number 1 Carbon of a sugar

Question 4

Hydroxyl group found on

Answer 4

3’ end

Question 5

Repair enzymes for Thymine dimers

Answer 5

DNA polymerase

DNA ligase

Question 6

ATM is inactivated in

Answer 6

Ataxia telangiectasia

Question 7

G₁ phase is

Answer 7

Period of cellular growth preceding DNA synthesis

Question 8

Nucleotides consist of

Answer 8

Nitrogenous base

Five-carbon sugar (pentose)

Phosphate

Question 9

Nucleic acids read in what direction

Answer 9

5’ to 3’

Question 10

Phosphate group found on

Answer 10

5’ end

Question 11

Translation goes from

Answer 11

RNA to Protein

Question 12

Thymine dimers caused by

Answer 12

UV radiation

Question 13

Recognition/excision enzyme for Cytosine deamination

Answer 13

Uracil glycosylase AP endonuclease

Question 14

Nucleotides are joined together by

Answer 14

3’, 5’ - phosphodiester bonds

Question 15

What polymerase begins synthesizing DNA in 5’ to 3’ direction

Answer 15

DNA polymerase 3

Question 16

Recognition/excision enzymes for thymine dimers

Answer 16

Excision endonuclease

Question 17

Guanine binds

Answer 17

triple bond with Cytosine

Question 18

DNA synthesis occurs in what direction

Answer 18

5’ to 3’

Question 19

Nucleotides are formed by

Answer 19

one or more phosphate groups attaches to the 5’ carbon of nucleoside

Question 20

DNA polyermase α and δ work together to

Answer 20

synthesize both leading and lagging strands in Eukaryotic DNA

Question 21

Exonuclease works

Answer 21

Mispaired deoxynucleotide removal

3’ to 5’

Question 22

DNA replications occurs in

Answer 22

S phase

Question 23

Pyrimidines are

Answer 23

1 ringed base consists of

Cytosine

Uracil

Thymine

Question 24

Recognition/excision enzymes for mismatched base

Answer 24

A mutation on one of two genes: hMSH2 or hMLH1, initiates defective repair of DNA mismatches resulting in a condition known as hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer HNPCC

Question 25

What enzymes change the amount of supercoiling of DNA

Answer 25

Topoisomerases

Question 26

Basic packaging unit of chromatin is

Answer 26

The nucleosome

Question 27

Transcriptions goes from

Answer 27

DNA to RNA

Question 28

Excision endonuclease deficient in

Answer 28

Xeroderma pigmentosum

Question 29

Adenosine binds

Answer 29

Double bond to Thymine Double bond to Uracil in RNA

Question 30

Mismatched repair enzymes

Answer 30

DNA polymerase DNA ligase

Question 31

Cytosine deamination repair enzymes

Answer 31

DNA polymerase DNA ligase

Question 32

DNA polymerase γ replicates

Answer 32

mitochondrial DNA

Question 33

Uric acid and xanthine are

Answer 33

Purine metabolite

Question 34

Purines are

Answer 34

2 ringed base inculdes: ## Footnote **Adenine** **Guanine**

Question 35

Chargaff's rules

Answer 35

%A = %T (%U) %G = %C % purines = % pyrimidines