Vitamins

Question 1

Rickets

Answer 1

Vitamin D deficiency in children

Question 2

INH causes this vitamin deficiency

Answer 2

B6 thus Niacin B3 as well

Question 3

Wernicke-Korsakoff

Answer 3

Vit B1 defic

Question 4

Diphyllobothrium latum

Answer 4

B12 deficiency

Question 5

Hemolytic anemia
Ataxia (due to spinoceregbellar degeneration)
Peripheral Neuropathy –> proximal muscle weakness

Answer 5

Vit E deficiency

Question 6

Dermatitis
Enteritis
Alopecia
Adrenal Insufficiency

Answer 6

Vit B5 deficiency

Question 7

Required cofactor carboxylation rxns

Answer 7

Biotin

Question 8

osteomalacia

Answer 8

Vit D deficiency in adults

Question 9

Essential in normal differentiation of epithelial cells into specialized tissue (mucus-secreting cells)

Answer 9

Vit A

Question 10

Function: required for hydroxylation of prolyl and lysyl residues

Answer 10

Vit C

Question 11

Dry beriberi vs Wet beriberi

Answer 11

Thiamine B1 deficiency

Vitamin B1 is used in several ATP generating reactions as a cofactor. Deficiency leads to ATP depletion –> affects highly aerobic tissues –> HEART and NERVES.

DRY = NERVES - polyneuritis, symmetric muscle wasting
Wet = HEART - high-output cardiac failure

Question 12

Required Synthesis of:
cystathionine
heme
histamine
neurotransmitters

Answer 12

B6

Question 13

Pernicious anemia diagnosis

Answer 13

suspected in B12 deficiency

anti-intrinsic factor antibodies diagnostic

Question 14

Function: increase calcium and phosphate absorption in intestines

Answer 14

Vit D

Question 15

Potentially teratogenic vitamin

Answer 15

Vit A

Question 16

Hartnup disease causes this vitamin deficiency

Answer 16

Niacin (B3)

Intestinal transport defect –>
decr. tryptophan intake –>
tryptophan not converted to niacin

Question 17

Treatment for measles

Answer 17

Vit A

Question 18

Thiamine is a cofactor for these enzymes

Answer 18

pyruvate DH
a-kg DH
transketolase
branched-chain ketoacid DH

ATP = A-kg DH, Transketolse, Pyruvate DH

Question 19

Vitamin deficiency causing glossitis

Answer 19

Vit B3 Niacin

Folate (B9)

Question 20

Excessive raw egg whites causes this deficiency

Answer 20

Biotin B7

Question 21

Induce PTH-dependent reabsorption of calcium in distal tubules

Answer 21

Vit D

Question 22

Storage form of Vit D

Answer 22

25-OH D3

Question 23

Essential for CoA and fatty acid synthase

Answer 23

B5

Question 24

Treatment for AML subtype 3

Answer 24

Vit A

Question 25

Purely breastfed babies require this oral supplement

Answer 25

Vit D

Question 26

Can enhance anticoagulant effects of warfarin

Answer 26

Vit E

Question 27

Required for conversion of dopamine to NE

Answer 27

Vit C

Question 28

Cheilosis, Corneal vascularization

Answer 28

Vit B2 def

Question 29

increased RBC transketolase activity following administration of vitamin is diagnostic

Answer 29

thiamine B1

Question 30

Topical agent derived from Vit A for treatment of acne

Answer 30

tretinoin

Question 31

Oral agent derived from Vit A for treatment of acne

Answer 31

isotretinoin

Question 32

Vit K-dependent coagulation factors

Answer 32

C, S 10, 2, 7, 9 diSCo 1o972

Question 33

Vitamin anti-oxidants

Answer 33

Vit E | Vit C

Question 34

Facial flushing

Answer 34

Niacin (B3) excess

Question 35

alpha-tocapherol

Answer 35

Vit E

Question 36

Deficiency: xerophthalmia

Answer 36

Vit A

Question 37

Excess can cause calcium oxalate neophrolithiasis

Answer 37

Vit C

Question 38

Corneal ulcerations may be seen in this deficiency

Answer 38

Vit A

Question 39

Wernicke-Korsakoff from this deficiency

Answer 39

Thiamine B1 seen in malnutrition and alcoholism

Question 40

Differentiate Folate vs B12 deficiency lab results

Answer 40

Increased homocysteine in BOTH Normal MMA in FOLATE def Increased MMA in B12 B12 is a required cofactor in an additional reaction (leads to TCA)

Question 41

Differentiate Folate vs B12 clinical presentation

Answer 41

B12 has neurological symptoms MMA increased and succinyl-CoA underproduced --> inhibited TCA --> inhibited myelin synthesis

Question 42

Nyctalopia

Answer 42

Vit A deficiency

Question 43

Vit K a cofactor for what process

Answer 43

gamma carboxylation of glutamic acid residues

Question 44

Sideroblastic anemia

Answer 44

B6 deficiency | required in heme synthesis

Question 45

Beriberi

Answer 45

Thiamine B1

Question 46

FAD and FMN

Answer 46

B2

Question 47

Excess: pseudotumor cerebri

Answer 47

Vit A (increased ICP)

Question 48

Neurologic symptoms without megaloblastic anemia

Answer 48

Vit E

Question 49

Diarrhea, Dementia, Dermatitis

Answer 49

Pellagra

Question 50

Xerosis cutis

Answer 50

Vit A defic

Question 51

Facilitates Fe absorption by reducing to Fe2+

Answer 51

Vit C

Question 52

Required for visual pigments

Answer 52

Vit A

Question 53

Deficiency damages medial thalamus and mamillary bodies

Answer 53

Thiamine B1