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0 Biochem and Genetics > RNA > Flashcards

RNA Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

mRNA and tRNA are synthesized where?

A

nucleoplasm

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2
Q

rRNA is synthesized where?

A

nucleolus

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3
Q

Start codon codes for what amino acid (eukaryotes)

A

methionine (AUG)

in prokaryotes –> formylmethionine

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4
Q

Stop codons

A

UGA
UAA
UAG

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5
Q

These bind to promoter regions in order for transcription to take place

A

Transcription factors

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6
Q

Promoter regions:

A
  • 75 CCAAT box (75 nucleotides upstream)
  • 25 Hogness/TATA box
  • 10 Pribnow/TATAAT box
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7
Q

Function of operator region:

A

Binds repressor or inducer

between promoter region and start site

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8
Q

RNA polymerase I function

A

rRNA synth

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9
Q

RNA polymerase II

A

mRNA synth

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10
Q

RNA polymerase III

A

tRNA

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11
Q

alpha-amanitin toxicity?

A

inhibits RNA polymerase II –> hepatotoxicity

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12
Q

Prokaryote RNA Polymerase inhibited by what drug?

A

Rifampin

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13
Q

Processing hnRNA is required for RNA to:

A

leave nucleus through nucleopores

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14
Q

mRNA is produced from hnRNA by doing these steps:

A

Cap 5’end
Polyadenylate 3’ end
Removing introns

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15
Q

The 5’ cap in mRNA is what chemical

A

7-methyl-guanosine

provided by S-adenosyl-methionine or SAM

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16
Q

In mRNA synthesis the 3’ end is polyadenylated by what enzyme

A

poly-A polymerase

17
Q

Codon sequence that initiates polyadenylation of 3’ end of mRNA

A

AAUAAA

18
Q

What amino acid frequently has more coding sequences in mRNA than are represented in peptide that is created from the mRNA?

A

methionine

Start codon AUG in mRNA results in initial methionine which is cleaved off

19
Q

What two factors regulate the lac operon ?

A

CAP (catabolite activating protein)

lac repressor

20
Q

lac operon: Allows RNA polymerase to bind to the DNA, which in turn allows transcription of B-galactosidase gene

A

CAP

only binds to DNA if glucose is present

21
Q

lac operon: prevents RNA polymerase from binding to DNA

A

lac repressor

Bound to lac operator region unless lactose is present
(lactose binds to lac repressor –> lac repressor released from DNA –> transcription can occur)

0 Biochem and Genetics (19 decks)

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