Vitamins

Question 1

Vitamin Def.

Answer 1

Micronutrient (microg/daily) essential for normal body function. 2 Types: Fat vs water soluble

Question 2

Fat Soluble Viatamins

Answer 2

A,D,E and K

Question 3

Water soluble Vitamins

Answer 3

B and C

Question 4

Dietary Sources Vitamin A

Answer 4

Retinyl Esters (animals) and beta carotene (plants, pro-vitamin A)

Question 5

Vitamin D sources

Answer 5

UVa and UVb reacting with cholesterol in skin cells. Food fortified with vitamin D

Question 6

Vitamin E sources

Answer 6

Oils, oily fish, nuts and seeds

Question 7

Vitamin K Sources

Answer 7

Green veg (K1) and gut micro-flora (K2)

Question 8

Vitamin A Functions

Answer 8

Sight (specifically retina), immune system, epithelial cell maintanince, growth

Question 9

Vitamin A deficiencies

Answer 9

Night blindness, xerophthalmia (cornea softening),damaged skin, immune system impairment and growth retardation

Question 10

Vitamin D Functions

Answer 10

Regulation of Ca in bones and blood

Question 11

Vitamin D Deficiencies

Answer 11

osteomalacia (adults, bone softening) and rickets (children, bow legs)

Question 12

Vitamin E Functions

Answer 12

Anti-oxidant and protection of poly-unsaturated fatty acids from peroxidation

Question 13

Vitamin E Deficiency (RARE)

Answer 13

Haemolytic anamia (erythrocytes fragile to pint of bursting), skeletal pain

Question 14

Vitamin K Function

Answer 14

Cofactor in coagulation cascade

Question 15

Vitamin K Deficiency

Answer 15

Hemorrhagic Disease (mainly in new born)

Question 16

Vitamin D Hypervitaminosis Symptoms

Answer 16

Hypercalcemia (Ca deposits in joints, tissue and kidney, results in things such as kidney stones), muscle weakness

Question 17

Vitamin A Hypervitaminosis Symptoms

Answer 17

Acute: vomiting, vertigo, blurred vision. Chronic: hyperlipidimia and hepatotoxicity.Tetarogenic (when pregnet): spontaneous loss of fetus

Question 18

Vitamin E Hypervitaminosis Symptoms

Answer 18

Fatigue, headache, diahorrea and blurred vision

Question 19

Vitamin B1 Functions

Answer 19

Energy: pyruvate to acetyl co. A (glycolysis, TCA cycle)

Question 20

Vitamin B1 Deficencies

Answer 20

Berri Berri to Wernicke - Kosakoff. Vomiting, loss of wyw movement and memory loss

Question 21

Vitamin B2 Functions

Answer 21

Electron transfer (FMN and FAD)

Question 22

Vitamin B2 Deficincies

Answer 22

Ariboflavionosis. Stromatisis and dermatisis

Question 23

Vitamin B3 Functions

Answer 23

Electron transfer (NAD, NADP)

Question 24

Vitamin B3 Deficiency

Answer 24

Pellagra. 3/4 Ds: Dermatitis, diahorrea, dementia and death

Question 25

Vitamin B5 Functions

Answer 25

Fatty acid oxidation, synthesises co enzyme A and acyl carrier

Question 26

Vitamin B5 Deficiency

Answer 26

Numbness, vomit, fatigue and tingling of extremities

Question 27

Vitamin B6 Functions

Answer 27

Amino acid metabolism. Co enzymes and enzymes.

Question 28

Vitamin B6 Deficincies

Answer 28

Glossitis, neuropathy

Question 29

Vitamin B7 Functions

Answer 29

Attached to enzyme carboxylases

Question 30

B7 Deficincies

Answer 30

Rare (can be induced by excess egg whites). Red scales on face

Question 31

B9 Functions

Answer 31

Coenzymes: Single C transfers, biological methylnation, methionine synthesis

Question 32

B9 deficincies

Answer 32

Megaoblastic anemia (cells too big)

Question 33

B12 Functions

Answer 33

Biological mehylnation

Question 34

B12 Deficincies

Answer 34

Dementia and spinal degradation

Question 35

Vitamin C Function

Answer 35

Anti-oxidant

Question 36

Vitamin C Deficency

Answer 36

Scurvy resulting from impaired collagen function