Cell Intro. Flashcards
Biological Organisation List (Size Increasing)
Atom, Molecule, Macromolecule, Organelle, Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism, Population, Ecosystem, Biosphere
Cell Def.
Basic unit of all plants and animals. Make up[ all tissues of the body
Cell Formation Desc.
From pre-existing cells by mitosis/meiosis
Cell Formation Function
Growth and repair
Cytoplasm Makeup + Location
Viscous, aqueous solution crisscrossed by cytoskeleton fibers. Found between cell membrane and nucleus
Cytosol Def.
Cytoplasm without organelles
Cytoplasm Function
Supports organelles and cellular molecules, transports material in cell (eg hormones), dissolves cell waste + facilitates cellular processes (eg protein synthesis, glycolysis and cell division)
Cell (Plasma) Membrane Structure
Phospholipid bilayer, proteins embedded within and carbohydrates attached (glyco-lipids, glyco-proteins)
Cell Membrane Function
Acts as selectively permeable barrier keeping certain molecules in/out of cell, maintains intracellular pH, responds to changes outside cell
Cytoskeleton Structure
Filaments and tubules. Link with protein embedded in memebrane
Filaments In Cytoskeleton Make Up
Double strands of actin. Enables protein in membrane to connect with extracellular matrix
Cytoskeleton Function
Cell scaffolding, preserves/alters shape providing frame for movement
Nucleus Structure
Nuclear envelope (double membrane), pores, chromatin, nucleoli, nucleoplasm
Nucleus Double Membrane Composition
Smooth inner membrane and outer membrane linked to the endoplasmic reticulum
Nucleoli Function
Assembly place for ribosomes
Nucleoplasm Makeup
Gel substance surrounding nucleoli
Where DNA is stored in Cell
3 Fates of DNA
What controls fate of DNA
How DNA is passed on
Quiescent Def.
Temporary State of cell dormancy (no replication)
Endoplasmic Reticulum Structure + Location
Interconnected tubules and sacs between the nucleus and cytoplasm
2 Types of Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth and Rough
Difference Between Rough and Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough contains ribosomes, smooth doesn’t
Endoplasmic Reticulum Functions
Rough: protein synthesis. Smooth: Lipid Metabolism
Golgi Apparatus Structure
Stacks of flattened containers (cisterns/sacs)
cis - Golgi/face def
Towards nucleus
trans - Golgi/ face
Towards membrane
Golgi Apparatus Location
Cytosol between Endoplasmic Reticulum and cell membrane
Golgi Apparatus Function
Glycolisation of proteins + lipids. Distribution of products to other organelles, packaging waste for excretion fro cell
Mitochondrion Structure
Double membrane seperated by intermembrane space, matrix
Mitochondrion Double Membrane Composition
Outer is permeable to small molecules, inner contain cristae
Mitochondrion Function
Contains enzymes for ETS, Krebs Cycle and beta-oxidation of fatty acids , generates ATP through oxidative phosphorylation
Lysososme Structure
single membrane spherical organelles. Contains acid hydrolases
Acid Hydrolases Def.
Degraded enzymes
Lysosomes pH
5
Lysosomes Function
Compartmentalizes intracellular degradative enzymes + furthers the process. Receives Golgi contents after fusing with Golgi. Receives aged cells/organelle after fusing endoplasmic reticulum
