Cell Intro.

Question 1

Biological Organisation List (Size Increasing)

Answer 1

Atom, Molecule, Macromolecule, Organelle, Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism, Population, Ecosystem, Biosphere

Question 2

Cell Def.

Answer 2

Basic unit of all plants and animals. Make up[ all tissues of the body

Question 3

Cell Formation Desc.

Answer 3

From pre-existing cells by mitosis/meiosis

Question 4

Cell Formation Function

Answer 4

Growth and repair

Question 5

Cytoplasm Makeup + Location

Answer 5

Viscous, aqueous solution crisscrossed by cytoskeleton fibers. Found between cell membrane and nucleus

Question 6

Cytosol Def.

Answer 6

Cytoplasm without organelles

Question 7

Cytoplasm Function

Answer 7

Supports organelles and cellular molecules, transports material in cell (eg hormones), dissolves cell waste + facilitates cellular processes (eg protein synthesis, glycolysis and cell division)

Question 8

Cell (Plasma) Membrane Structure

Answer 8

Phospholipid bilayer, proteins embedded within and carbohydrates attached (glyco-lipids, glyco-proteins)

Question 9

Cell Membrane Function

Answer 9

Acts as selectively permeable barrier keeping certain molecules in/out of cell, maintains intracellular pH, responds to changes outside cell

Question 10

Cytoskeleton Structure

Answer 10

Filaments and tubules. Link with protein embedded in memebrane

Question 11

Filaments In Cytoskeleton Make Up

Answer 11

Double strands of actin. Enables protein in membrane to connect with extracellular matrix

Question 12

Cytoskeleton Function

Answer 12

Cell scaffolding, preserves/alters shape providing frame for movement

Question 13

Nucleus Structure

Answer 13

Nuclear envelope (double membrane), pores, chromatin, nucleoli, nucleoplasm

Question 14

Nucleus Double Membrane Composition

Answer 14

Smooth inner membrane and outer membrane linked to the endoplasmic reticulum

Question 15

Nucleoli Function

Answer 15

Assembly place for ribosomes

Question 16

Nucleoplasm Makeup

Answer 16

Gel substance surrounding nucleoli

Question 17

Where DNA is stored in Cell

Question 18

3 Fates of DNA

Question 19

What controls fate of DNA

Question 20

How DNA is passed on

Question 21

Quiescent Def.

Answer 21

Temporary State of cell dormancy (no replication)

Question 22

Endoplasmic Reticulum Structure + Location

Answer 22

Interconnected tubules and sacs between the nucleus and cytoplasm

Question 23

2 Types of Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 23

Smooth and Rough

Question 24

Difference Between Rough and Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 24

Rough contains ribosomes, smooth doesn’t

Question 25

Endoplasmic Reticulum Functions

Answer 25

Rough: protein synthesis. Smooth: Lipid Metabolism

Question 26

Golgi Apparatus Structure

Answer 26

Stacks of flattened containers (cisterns/sacs)

Question 27

cis - Golgi/face def

Answer 27

Towards nucleus

Question 28

trans - Golgi/ face

Answer 28

Towards membrane

Question 29

Golgi Apparatus Location

Answer 29

Cytosol between Endoplasmic Reticulum and cell membrane

Question 30

Golgi Apparatus Function

Answer 30

Glycolisation of proteins + lipids. Distribution of products to other organelles, packaging waste for excretion fro cell

Question 31

Mitochondrion Structure

Answer 31

Double membrane seperated by intermembrane space, matrix

Question 32

Mitochondrion Double Membrane Composition

Answer 32

Outer is permeable to small molecules, inner contain cristae

Question 33

Mitochondrion Function

Answer 33

Contains enzymes for ETS, Krebs Cycle and beta-oxidation of fatty acids , generates ATP through oxidative phosphorylation

Question 34

Lysososme Structure

Answer 34

single membrane spherical organelles. Contains acid hydrolases

Question 35

Acid Hydrolases Def.

Answer 35

Degraded enzymes

Question 36

Lysosomes pH

Answer 36

5

Question 37

Lysosomes Function

Answer 37

Compartmentalizes intracellular degradative enzymes + furthers the process. Receives Golgi contents after fusing with Golgi. Receives aged cells/organelle after fusing endoplasmic reticulum