Principles of Nutrition

Question 1

Who does the average healthy diet apply to

Answer 1

Adults aged 18-55

Question 2

Variation in healthy diet for children

Answer 2

Should have full fat

Question 3

Main sources of vitamins and minerals

Answer 3

Veg, fruit and whole grains

Question 4

Recommended Servings of fruit and veg

Answer 4

5-7

Question 5

Adequacy Def

Answer 5

enough intake of all essential nutrients

Question 6

Dietary Balance Def

Answer 6

Not relying on 1 food type for nutrients

Question 7

Energy Control Def.

Answer 7

Not over/under eating

Question 8

Being physically active def.

Answer 8

Having an elevated heart rate for 30-60 mins a day

Question 9

Energy Yielding Nutrients Outline

Answer 9

Macronutrients (mg portions daily). Carbohydrates, lipids and proteins

Question 10

Energy Regulating Nutrients Outline

Answer 10

Micronutrients (microgram portions daily). Vitamins and minerals (organic)

Question 11

Essential Amino Acids Def

Answer 11

Can’t be made in body. Need to intaken in diet

Question 12

Non-essential Amino Acids Def

Answer 12

Synthesised in body from essential amino acids

Question 13

Conditionally Essential Amino Acids

Answer 13

Can’t be made in body but only need to be present in body in specific situations. Eg Arginine for optimal child growth

Question 14

Vitamins Outline

Answer 14

Organic, not synthesised in body. Deficiency results in disease. 2 Types (water and fat soluble)

Question 15

Unit of Nutrition Energy

Answer 15

Kilocalorie (kcal) or kilojoule (KJ). 1 KJ = 0.24 kcal. A KJ is the amount of energy neede to increase the temp of 1 kg of water by 1 degree C

Question 16

Carbohydrate Energy Yield

Answer 16

4 kcal/g

Question 17

Protein Energy Yield

Answer 17

4 kcal/g

Question 18

Fat energy yield

Answer 18

9 kcal/g

Question 19

Alcohol Energy Yield

Answer 19

7 kcal/g

Question 20

Basal/Resting Metabolic Rate Def.

Answer 20

Amount of energy consumed by a person at rest while awake, in a thermo-neutral enviroument, 12 hours after their last meal. Min amount of energy required to carry out normal body functions

Question 21

Instances of higher basal metabolic rate

Answer 21

males, children and people with hyperthyroidism and fever patients

Question 22

Instances of lower basal metabolic rate

Answer 22

females, older people, hypothyroidism and individuals in periods of starvation (inefficient calorie intake)

Question 23

Recommended Dietary Allowances Def

Answer 23

All body functions in a day

Question 24

Times Female’s Average Daily Allowance Increases

Answer 24

Pregnancy and lactation

Question 25

Diet-Induced Thermogenesis Def

Answer 25

Heat that body creates with energy excess from average daily allowance (not used in functions). ~ 10% BMR

Question 26

Metabolic Energy Sources

Answer 26

Carbohydrates, lipid, proteins and alcohol

Question 27

Metabolic End Process

Answer 27

CO2, urea and water

Question 28

1st Law of Thermodynamics: Body Weight Is The Same

Answer 28

energy input = energy output

Question 29

1st Law of Thermodynamics: Weight increases

Answer 29

energy input > energy output

Question 30

1st Law of Thermodynamics: weight decreases

Answer 30

energy input < energy output

Question 31

Total Daily Energy Expenditure

Answer 31

Total number of calories you burn in a day. BMR + non-exercise PA + exercise PA + diet induced thermogenesis

Question 32

Lower Reference Nutrient Intake Def

Answer 32

% of the population with really low needs (~3%). Doesn’t satisfy every person

Question 33

Estimated Average Requirement Def

Answer 33

Amount population on average needs

Question 34

Reference Dietary Intake Def

Answer 34

Nutrient needs of biggest % (~97%) of given population

Question 35

Upper limit Def

Answer 35

Intake above this from person of population leads to adverse side effects

Question 36

Paraenteral Nutrition

Answer 36

Injection. Water, glucose, salt, amino acids and vitamins. Different % based on patient requirements

Question 37

BMI Outline

Answer 37

kg/m^2. 18.5-24.9 is healthy range

Question 38

Over Nutrition Consequences

Answer 38

Diabetes, obesity, hypertension, cardiovascular disease

Question 39

Causes of Secondary Mal nutrition

Answer 39

Appetite loss, fever (metabolism alteration), diahhorea (prevention of nutrient absorption) and parasites

Question 40

Micromalnutrition Def

Answer 40

Minral/vitamin deficiency or hypervitaminosis

Question 41

Protein Energy Malnutrition

Answer 41

Insuffient calories/ protein intake. Kashiwoker (protein) and Marasmus (calories)