Vitamins

Question 1

What are the macrominerals?

Answer 1

body requires at least 100 mg/day
-water soluble vitamins= thiamine (vitamin B1), riboflavin (vitamin B2), niacin (vitamin B3), pantothenic acid (vitamin B6), pyridoxine (vitamin B6), biotin (vitamin B7), folic acid (vitamin B9), cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12), ascorbic acid (vitamin C)
-fat soluble vitamins= retinol (vitamin A), cholecalciferol (vitamin D), tocopherol (vitamin E), phytonadione (vitamin K)

Question 2

What are the fat soluble vitamins?

Answer 2

-retinol (vitamin A)
-cholecalciferol (vitamin D)
-tocopherol (vitamin E)
-phytonadione (vitamin K)

Question 3

What are the trace minerals?

Answer 3

body requires 1-100 mg/day
-chromium
-copper
-fluoride
-iodine
-iron
-manganese
-selenium
-zinc

Question 4

Describe: Fat Soluble Vitamins

Answer 4

-vitamins A, D, E, K
-require fat for storage and adequate absorption
-high doses may accumulate in the body

Question 5

Describe: Water Soluble Vitamins

Answer 5

-vitamins B and C
-minimal amounts stored in tissues
-excreted by kidneys
-found in watery portions of food

Question 6

Describe: Thiamine (B1)

Answer 6

-converts carbohydrates and proteins to energy, nerve transmission
-found in breads, grains, cereals, nuts, organ meats

Question 7

Describe: Riboflavin (B2)

Answer 7

-co-enzyme in redox reactions, beneficial for migraines
-found in dairy foods

Question 8

Describe: Niacin (B3)

Answer 8

-energy metabolism
-meat, milk, vegetables, grains, nuts

Question 9

Describe: Folate (B9)

Answer 9

-produces and maintains new cells
-RBC production
-found in green vegetables, eggs, beans
-increased requirement in pregnancy/lactation, liver disease, and alcoholism

Question 10

Describe: Cyanocobalamin (B12)

Answer 10

-maintains healthy nerve cells, prevents anemia
-meat, milk, liver, oysters/clams

Question 11

Describe: Vitamin C

Answer 11

-immune system support
-powerful antioxidant
-bell peppers, broccoli, spinach, tomatoes, potatoes, strawberries, citrus, kiwi

Question 12

What are the dosage forms of vitamins?

Answer 12

-tablets (best for water soluble vitamins)
-chewables
-dissolving tablets
-gummies (do not contain iron)
-gel capsules (best for fat soluble vitamins)
-liquid
-powder packets

Question 13

What are the types of OTC multivitamins?

Answer 13

-adult
-women
-men
-prenatal
-“silver”
-childrens

Question 14

What do women multivitamins contain more of and why?

Answer 14

-calcium and vit D= higher incidence of osteoporosis in women
-iron= women have higher iron requirements (gummies often do not contain this)
-vit E= many thoughts, but data lacking
-biotin= healthy skin, hair and nails
-boron=for utilization of Ca and Mg and increases estrogen

Question 15

What do prenatal vitamins contain more of and why?

Answer 15

-folic acid= prevention of neural tube defects (daily 800 mcg)
-iron= prevent anemia and increases baby iron stores (daily 27 mg/day)
-DHA= brain development and normal retina (daily 200-300 mg)

Question 16

What do men multivitamins contain more of and why?

Answer 16

-vit C B12, E, K
-lycopene= prostate and cardiovascular health
-selenium= prevent CHD and inflammation
less iron

Question 17

What do “silver” multivitamins contain more of and why?

Answer 17

specially formulated for 50+
-vit D3= bone health and fall prevention (daily 800-1000 mg)
-vit A, C, E, lutein= vision
-zinc and vit B= brain

Question 18

What do children’s multivitamins contain more of and why?

Answer 18

-vit A, C, E= immune health
-B vitamins= energy and growth
-EPA/DHA (may or maybe not)= brain development

Question 19

Counseling Points: Vitamins

Answer 19

-follow dosing instructions
-do not take with certain medications, especially levothyroxine and some antibiotics
-have a complete balanced diet while taking vitamins
-gummies do not typically have iron