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Self Care > 1- Insect Bites and Stings > Flashcards

1- Insect Bites and Stings Flashcards

1
Q

What insect obtain blood from host directly?

A

mosquito, bed bugs, lice

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2
Q

What insects obtain blood from host indirectly?

A

ticks, horse flies, biting midges

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3
Q

What is the local reaction created by mosquitos?

A

wheal-and-flare response peaks in ~ 20 minutes, indurated pruritic papule peaking in 2-3 days

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4
Q

What diseases may be transmitted through mosquitos?

A

in the United States= west nile, zika, chikungunya BUT worldwide= malaria, yellow fever, dengue
HIV is NOT spread through mosquitos

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5
Q

What is the local reaction caused by ticks?

A

itchy papules (disappears in 1 week)

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6
Q

What possible systemic reaction can occur via tick bites?

A

red meat allergy (alpha-gal allergy)- most associated with the lone star tick in US and possible tick paralysis after tick feeding for 4-7 days

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7
Q

Where are mosquitos found in nature?

A

around standing water

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8
Q

What disease may be transmitted through ticks?

A

lymes disease, rocky mountain spotted fever

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9
Q

Where are ticks found in nature?

A

wooded areas

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10
Q

What is the local reaction caused by fleas?

A

papules arranged in non follicular pattern (multiple and grouped) and can produce significant urticaria

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11
Q

What disease my be transmitted by fleas?

A

bubonic plague and endemic typhus

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12
Q

Where are fleas found in nature?

A

on/around wild mammals

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13
Q

What is the local reaction caused by scabies?

A

inflammation and intense itching usually found in folds in the body

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14
Q

Where are scabies found in nature?

A

humans, usually transmitted by physical contact

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15
Q

What is the local reaction caused by bedbugs?

A

exposed skin (head, neck, arms) found in cluster of two or threes in a straight line

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16
Q

Where are bedbugs found?

A

crevices of walls, floors, picture frames, bedding, linens during the day, but come out and cause bites at night

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17
Q

Venomous

A

toxin administered by biting (injected)

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18
Q

Poisonous

A

toxin administered when eaten (secreted)

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19
Q

Toxin

A

biologic substance that impacts biological function in other organisms

20
Q

What are the goals of treatment of bug bites?

A

relieve symptoms and prevent secondary bacterial infection

21
Q

What are the exclusions for self-care of bug bites?

A

-hypersensitivity to insect bites, resulting in systemic symptoms or symptoms away from bite area
- < 2 years of age
-history of tick bite and systemic effects indicating possible infection
-suspected spider bite requiring medical attention
-signs of secondary infection of bite area

22
Q

What are some tips for patients to avoid insects?

A

-cover skin and cuff around ankles, wrists, and neck
-keep pets free of pests
-avoid standing water
-use barriers such as screens and netting
-avoid outdoors at dawn and dusk
-avoid contact with infected individuals

23
Q

What pests do insect repellant repel?

A

mosquitoes, fleas, ticks

24
Q

What concentration of DEET is recommended for children?

A

<30%

25
Q

What is the minimum effective dose of DEET to prevent tick bites?

A

20%

26
Q

What are adverse effects of DEET?

A

-shin rashes or eruptions
-if ingested, CNS reactions (seizures, ataxia, hypotension)

27
Q

What is the indication of local anesthetics for bug bites?

A

relief of itching and irritation

28
Q

What products are local anesthetics?

A

benzocaine, pramoxine, benzyl alcohol, lidocaine, dibucaine, and phenol

29
Q

What is the MOA of local anesthetics?

A

reversible blockade of conduction of nerve impulses at the site of application

30
Q

How should local anesthetics be applied?

A

apply to bite are 3-4 times a day for NO LONGER than 7 days

31
Q

What are the adverse effects of local anesthetics?

A

relatively low systemic absorption, may cause allergic contact dermatitis

32
Q

What is the indication of topical antihistamines?

A

pain and itching

33
Q

What products are topical antihistamines?

A

diphenhydramine hydrochloride 0.5-2%

34
Q

What is the MOA of topical antihistamines?

A

depresses cutaneous receptors

35
Q

How should topical antihistamines be applied?

A

3-4 times daily for NO LONGER than 7 days

36
Q

What are the adverse effects of topical antihistamines?

A

photosensitivity and hypersensitivity, continued use increase risk of contact dermatitis

37
Q

What is the indication for counterirritants?

A

itching and irritation

38
Q

What products are counterirritants?

A

camphor, menthol

39
Q

What is the MOA of counterirritants?

A

depress cutaneous receptors

40
Q

How should counterirritants be applied?

A

3-4 times daily for up to 7 days

41
Q

What products are skin protectants?

A

zinc oxide, calamine, titanium oxide

42
Q

What is the indication of skin protectants?

A

inflammation and irritation, zinc is a mild astringent and has weak antiseptic properties

43
Q

What is the difference between a honeybee and wasp/hornet/yellow jacket sting?

A

-honeybee has a barbed stinger which remains embedded
-W/H/yellow jacket may remove their stinger and sting repeatedly

44
Q

What is the effect of a fire ant bite?

A

intense itching, burning, and potentially tissue necrosis

45
Q

What are the exclusion for self care of a sting?

A

-hives, excessive swelling, dizziness, weakness, nausea, vomiting, difficulty breathing
-significant allergic response away from the sting
-previous sting by honeybee, wasp, or hornet
-previous severe reaction to insect bites
-person or family history of significant allergic reaction
-< 2 yo

46
Q

How can cold packs be used for stings?

A

apply to site of sting in 10 minute intervals to slow absorption and reduce itching, swelling, and pain

47
Q

What complementary therapy can be used for stings?

A

-meat tenderizer= breaks down venom
-ammonia and baking soda= neutralize venom in bites

Self Care (23 decks)

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