Cardiovascular Dietary Supplements Flashcards
Describe: Omega-6 Fatty Acids
-dietary sources: meats, grains, seeds of plants
-overabundance in typical American diet
-pro-inflammatory
-increases risk of cardiovascular disease
-may increase coagulation
Describe: Omega-3 Fatty Acids
-dietary sources: salmon, sardines, oily fish, fortified eggs, and dairy products, flax, and chia seeds
-lacking in the typical American diet
-anti-inflammatory
-decreases triglycerides
What are the Omega-3 Fatty Acids?
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)
What is the opinion of using Fish Oil for CV Disease Prevention?
-large population studies suggest eating both plant and marine source omega-3 FA reduces risk of coronary heart disease
-FDA= “supportive, but not conclusive showing reduced risk of coronary heart disease”
-AHA= “do not use as primary prevention of stroke”
How does Fish Oil effect triglycerides?
significant reduction in triglycerides (TG), minimum 2 grams to see benefit, but 4 grams may lower triglycerides 25-50%
Side Effects: Fish Oil
-decreased platelet aggregation
-gastrointestinal upset
-burping
-heartburn, indigestion
-bad taste in mouth
-diarrhea/loose stool
What is Niacin?
Vitamin B3
How does Niacin effect lipid profile?
-significant increases in HDL
-significant reduction inTG
-modest reductions in LDL
What is the opinion of using Niacin for lipid management?
not recommended by AHA
Side Effects: Niacin
-FLUSHING, very high incidence initially (~80%), but can be decreased by: slow dose titration, pretreating with aspirin, taking reg release with meals, using extended release formulation, take at bedtime
-dry skin and itching
-GI discomfort
-may increase serum uric acid levels at high doses (precipitate gout)
-increase blood glucose, glucose intolerance, an/or insulin resistance
Avoid Niacin in patients:
-with gout
-diabetes
-liver or kidney dysfunction
Drug Interactions: Niacin
-nicotine= increase flushing
-ethanol and hepatotoxic drugs
-statins (risk of myopathies)
Therapeutic Uses of Garlic:
-hyperlipidemia
-atherosclerosis
-PVD
-hypertension
-cancer
-fungal infections
-insect repellent
-type 2 diabetes
Drug Interactions: Garlic
-anticoagulants (increased INR)
-multiple HIV medications
-potential CYP 450 interactions
Side Effects: Garlic
-decreased platelet function= discontinue 2 weeks before surgery
-breath and body odor
-heartburn
-indigestion
-GI irritation
-abdominal pain
-flatulence
Describe: Red Yeast RICE
used to lower lipid concentrations (Monacolin K is primary component, natural analog of lovastatin)
Describe: Coenzyme Q 10
coenzyme Q 10 is made naturally in our bodies. it is an antioxidant, membrane stabilizer, co-factor in metabolic pathways, including ATP production. several disease states associated with reduced levels and drugs can decrease the levels
What is the opinion of using Coenzyme Q10 for heart failure?
may be beneficial as adjunctive therapy and more beneficial to individuals with mild disease
Describe: Cinnamon
potentially reduce A1C but little evidence