1- Acne Flashcards
What is the pathophysiology of acne?
-inflammation
-increased sebum
-follicular hyperkeratinization
-bacterial colonization (cutibacterium acnes)
What is the medical term for black heads?
open comedo
What is the medical term for white heads?
closed comedo
Define: Acne Cosmetica
noninflammatory comedones occluded by health/beauty products
Define: Acne Exoriee
constant picking, squeezing, and scratching of skin
Define: Acne Mechanica
friction/irritation from occlusive or friction causing item/devices
Define: Chloracne
exposure to chlorine products
Define: Drug-induced acne
anabolic steroids, bromides, corticosteroids, corticosteroids, corticotropin, isoniazid, lithium, phenytoin
Define: Hormone-induced acne
hormone changes particularly increased androgen levels
Define: Hydration-induced acne
smaller pilosebaceous duct orifice and unable to loosen comedone due to high-humidity environments and prolonged sweating
Define: Occupational acne
dirt, vaporized cooking oil, industry chemicals
Define: Stress and Extreme emotional-induced acne
neuroendocrine modulators and corticotropin-releasing hormone
How would mild acne be classified?
few erythematous papules and occasional pustules mixed with comedones
How would moderate acne be classified?
many erythematous papules and pustules and prominent scarring
How would severe acne be classified?
extensive pustules, erythematous papule, and multiple nodules in an inflamed background
What is the exclusions for self care for acne?
-moderate to severe acne
-exacerbating factors
-possible rosacea
What are the treatment goals for acne?
-decrease number and severity of lesions
-prevent future lesions, scar formation, and hyperpigmentation
-improve quality of life
What are the nonpharmacological therapy options for acne?
-clean skin with mild soap or non-soap cleanser twice daily
-stay well hydrated
-caution with skin toner (can be useful in cases of excess oil or dirt)
-avoid or decrease intake of high glycemic foods
-physical therapies
What is the MOA of light based therapies?
wavelengths is absorbed by porphyrins which become excited and form oxygen and free radicals which destroy C. acnes by damaging lipid walls
