1- Acne

Question 1

What is the pathophysiology of acne?

Answer 1

-inflammation
-increased sebum
-follicular hyperkeratinization
-bacterial colonization (cutibacterium acnes)

Question 2

What is the medical term for black heads?

Answer 2

open comedo

Question 3

What is the medical term for white heads?

Answer 3

closed comedo

Question 4

Define: Acne Cosmetica

Answer 4

noninflammatory comedones occluded by health/beauty products

Question 5

Define: Acne Exoriee

Answer 5

constant picking, squeezing, and scratching of skin

Question 6

Define: Acne Mechanica

Answer 6

friction/irritation from occlusive or friction causing item/devices

Question 7

Define: Chloracne

Answer 7

exposure to chlorine products

Question 8

Define: Drug-induced acne

Answer 8

anabolic steroids, bromides, corticosteroids, corticosteroids, corticotropin, isoniazid, lithium, phenytoin

Question 9

Define: Hormone-induced acne

Answer 9

hormone changes particularly increased androgen levels

Question 10

Define: Hydration-induced acne

Answer 10

smaller pilosebaceous duct orifice and unable to loosen comedone due to high-humidity environments and prolonged sweating

Question 11

Define: Occupational acne

Answer 11

dirt, vaporized cooking oil, industry chemicals

Question 12

Define: Stress and Extreme emotional-induced acne

Answer 12

neuroendocrine modulators and corticotropin-releasing hormone

Question 13

How would mild acne be classified?

Answer 13

few erythematous papules and occasional pustules mixed with comedones

Question 14

How would moderate acne be classified?

Answer 14

many erythematous papules and pustules and prominent scarring

Question 15

How would severe acne be classified?

Answer 15

extensive pustules, erythematous papule, and multiple nodules in an inflamed background

Question 16

What is the exclusions for self care for acne?

Answer 16

-moderate to severe acne
-exacerbating factors
-possible rosacea

Question 17

What are the treatment goals for acne?

Answer 17

-decrease number and severity of lesions
-prevent future lesions, scar formation, and hyperpigmentation
-improve quality of life

Question 18

What are the nonpharmacological therapy options for acne?

Answer 18

-clean skin with mild soap or non-soap cleanser twice daily
-stay well hydrated
-caution with skin toner (can be useful in cases of excess oil or dirt)
-avoid or decrease intake of high glycemic foods
-physical therapies

Question 19

What is the MOA of light based therapies?

Answer 19

wavelengths is absorbed by porphyrins which become excited and form oxygen and free radicals which destroy C. acnes by damaging lipid walls