Vitamins Flashcards
Water-soluble vitamins
B complex and Vit C
Water-soluble vitamins are absorbed in
Small intestine
Where is B12 absorbed?
Terminal Ileum
B Complex deficiencies triad
Dermatitis + Glosytis + Anemia
Fat-soluble Vitamins
Vitamins A,D,E,K
Which kind of vitamin is more likely to accumulate and cause toxicity
Fat-soluble vitamins
Malbsorption syndromes are associated to Deficiency of which kind of vitamin
Fat-Soluble Vitamins
B1 is an essential cofactor in
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase (Glycolysis -> Krebs Cycle)
Alpha Ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase (Krebs Cycle)
Transkelotase (HMP Shunt)
Branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase (AA metabolism)
Deficiency of B1 can cause
- Wernicke-Korsakoff dementia
- Dry beri-beri
- Wet beri-beri
Wernicke-Korsakoff triad
Confusion + Ophtalmoplegia + Ataxia
Beri-beri clinical features
Dry beri-beri: Polyneuropathy
Wet beri-beri: Heart failure and cardiomyopathy
What is the name of Vitamin B2
Riboflavin
Vitamin B2 defiency can cause
Cheilosis and Corneal Vascularization
Vitamin B2 serves as cofactor in
Krebs Cycle and Electron transport Chain
Vitamin B2 is a primary component of
FAD+
Vitamin B3: Name
Niacin
Vitamin B3 serves as cofactor in
Glycolylis
Krebs Cycle
Electron Transport Chain
Ethanol Metabolism
Deficiency of B3 causes
PELLAGRA: Diarrhea + Dermatitis + Dementia
Vitamin B3 is a primary component of
NADP/NAD+
Vitamin B3 can be synthetized from
Tryptophan
Diseases that decrease Tryptophan can cause ____________. For example _____________
- Pellagra
- Carcinoid syndrome and Hartnup disease
Vitamin B5 name
Pantothenic Acid
Vitamin B5 serves as a cofactor in
All reactions that involve CoA
Vitamin B5 deficiency causes
Dermatitis, Enteritis and Alopecia
Vitamin B6 serves a cofactor in
Transamination (AA metabolism) and Decarboxylation reactions
Vitamin B6 is required for synthesis of
Neurotransmitters
Heme
Histamine
Deficiency of Vitamin B6 causes
Sideroblastic anemia
Peripheral Neuropathy
Vitamin B7 name
Biotin
Vitamin B7 serves as a cofactor in
Carboxylation Reactions: ANABOLIC
- Gluconeogenesis
- FA synthesis
- AA metabolism
Vitamin B7 and gluconeogenesis
Vitamin B7 serves as a cofactor of Pyruvate Carboxylase
Vitamin B9 serves a cofactor in
Methylation = Synthesis of nucleic acids / amino acids
Deficiency of B9 causes
Megaloblastic anemia + Hypersegmented PMN cells
Deficiency of B9 during pregnancy is associated to
Neural Tube defects
Reserve-time for Vitamin B9
30 days
Vitamin B12 serves as cofactor in
Methylation reactions (Same as B9) and Myelin Synthesis
Deficiency of B12 causes
- Megaloblastic anemia
- Subacute combined degeneration
- Increased Homocysteine and Methylmalonic acid
Common causes of B12 deficiency
- Vegan diet
- Achlorhydria (PPI use)
- Pernicious anemia
- Gastric bypass / Ileal resection
- Alcoholism / Malabsorption syndromes
- Bacterial overgrowth
Vitamin C serves as cofactor in
Collagen and neurotransmitter (Dopamine to NEP) Synthesis
Vitamin C also has _________ properties
Antioxidant
Vitamin C deficiency causes
Scurvy:
- Swollen gums + Petechia + Corkscrew hair + Perifollicular hemorrhage.
Vitamin A functions
Function of Rod and Cone cells
Embryologic development
Inmune cell differentation
Vitamin A is used as treatment for which conditions
- Measles
- Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia
- Severe cistic acne
Deficiency of VitA can cause
Night blindness + Keratomalacia + Inmunosupression
Hypervitaminosis A is characterized by
Double vision, vertigo, alopecia and pseudotumor cerebri
Vitamin D is essentially
A Regulation Hormone in Ca+ metabolism
Is the only vitamin that ______________
Can be synthetized in the skin
Activated Vitamin D is known as
1-25-OH-Cholecalciferol
Storage Vitamin D is known as ________ and is storaged in _________
25-OH-Cholecalciferol / Liver
Which Hormone activates Vit D? Where?
PTH in the Kidneys
Deficiency of Vitamin D can cause
Ricketts in children (genu varum)
Osteomalacia in adults (bone/muscle weakness)
Vitamin E function
Antioxidant = Protection of erythrocytes and Nerve cells
Deficiency of Tocopherol can cause
Hemolytic anemia and Neurodegeneration (Deficiency of Vitamin E is very rare)
Vitamin K serves as cofactor in
Gamma Carboxylation of Glutamic acids residues in factors II, VII, IX, X and Protein C/S
Deficiency of Vitamin K can cause
-Neonatal hemorrhage
-Propencity for bleeding
How does Vitamin K is produced?
Bacterial production in the intestine
Why does the newborn need Vitamin K prophylaxis?
Because Vit K is produced by Bacterias in the Colon. Newborns doesn’t have bacterial flora yet
