Metabolism Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a Signal Transduction Pathway

A

Interaction between Receptor Proteins in Plasma Membrane and Proteins/Aminoacids

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2
Q

How do Proteins act once they interact with the intended molecule

A

Activation of Proteins (Secondary messengers) inside the cell

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3
Q

Example of G-coupled Pathway hormones

A

Glucagon , adrenalin and PTH

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4
Q

What happens when a Gs protein is activated

A

Stimulation of Adenyl Cyclase which increases cAMP and activates PKA = Transcription Factor

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5
Q

What is Metabolism

A

All biochemical reactions occuring in the organism

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6
Q

Main functions of Metabolic Pathways

A
  1. Formation of ATP
  2. Creation of structural biomolecules
  3. Elimination of waste molecules
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7
Q

What is a biochemical pathway

A

Sequence of reactions required to convert one REACTANT molecule to a PRODUCT

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8
Q

What are the 2 main mechanism of Regulation in biochemical pathways

A
  1. Allosteric inhibition
  2. Feedback Inhibition
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9
Q

What is Allosteric Inhibition

A

Biomolecule which interact with enzyme (at a different site) and either Activates or Deactivates it

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10
Q

What is feedback inhibition

A

The PRODUCT of an enzyme inhibits enzyme’s function

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11
Q

What is an enzyme

A

Protein which catalyze or facilitate biochemical reactions

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12
Q

Molecule that can be used to switch on or off a metabolic pathway

A

Enzyme

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13
Q

What are enzyme kinetics

A

How Enzyme catalyzed reactions are affected by various conditions (eg: Inhibitors)

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14
Q

The Rate of Reaction (Vo) depends on

A
  1. Concentration of Reactant/Substrate [S)
  2. Max reaction rate of an enzyme (Vmax)
  3. Michaelis constant of the enzyme (KM)
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15
Q

Michaelis-Menten equation is used to

A

Calculate the rate of reaction

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16
Q

Michaelis-Menten equation is

A

Vo= [ (Vmax) x [S] ] / [KM + [S] ]

17
Q

What is a Linewaver-Burk Plot

A

Representation of the inverse of Michaelis-Menten equation

18
Q

Linewaver-Burk Plot is used to

A
  1. Calculate KM and Vmax of enzymes
  2. Identify the presence of Activators or Inhibitors
19
Q

The point in Linewaver-Burk Plot where the Y axis is crossed represents

A

1/ Vmax

20
Q

The point in Linewaver-Burk Plot where the X axis is crossed represents

A

1/ KM

21
Q

The X and Y axis in Linewaver-Burk Plot represents

A

X = [S]
Y = [Vmax]

22
Q

Michaelis Constant property

A

The velocity reaction is half the Vmax when MK and [S] are numerically equal

23
Q

How does a Competitive inhibitor affects Linewaver-Burk Plot

A

1/KM = Changes (Increases)

1/Vmax = Same

24
Q

How does a Uncompetitive inhibitor affects Linewaver-Burk Plot

A

1/KM = Decreases

1/Vmax = Decreases

25
Q

Less KM means

A

More affinity

26
Q

Competitive inhibitor can be reversed by

A

Increasing substrate [S]

27
Q

Why does KM decreases in Uncompetitive inhibitor

A

Increases affinity for the Substrate. But Inhibits complex Enzyme-Substrate.

Cannot go back and cannot form product

28
Q

How does a Non-Competitive inhibitor affects Linewaver-Burk Plot

A

KM = Same

Vmax = Decreases

29
Q

The only inhibition that can be reversed by increasing substrate is

A

Competitive inhibitor.