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GDAN year 2 nutrition > Vitamins > Flashcards

Vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

which vit can be synthesised by the body

A

Vit D via sun/UV

B and K from gut bacteria

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2
Q

vitamins are

A

chemically dispartate

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3
Q

functions of Vit

A 
co enzymes
hormones
cell signalling
antioxidant
regulators of growth and differentaiton
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4
Q

lack of absorption of vitamin may depend on

A
  • reduced absorption can lead to deficiency
  • properties of the food
  • pre existing disease (impaired fat absorption, low acid in stomach can also affect, B12 cannot be absorpted unless in low acid)
  • drugs may compete for absorption, kill bacteria
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5
Q

foetus is senstive to

A

high amounts of Vitamin A

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6
Q

Recommended daily allowance

A

intake that is adequate to ensure all requirements of all healthy people are met

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7
Q

fat soluble vitamins

A
  • A
  • D
  • E
  • K
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8
Q

water soluble vitamins

A

B

C

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9
Q

which type of vitamins can we store

A

fat soluble

cannot store water

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10
Q

Vitamin A

A

retinoids (Active form(

carotenoid pigments in plants cleaved to yield retenoids

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11
Q

functions of Vitamin A

A
  1. binds to proteins (opsin) in the cells of the retina to form visual pigments
  2. nuclear modulator of gene expression
    - lipid souble factor that can pass through cell membrane as it is hydrophobic
    - can then bind to an intracellular receptor
    - then translocated to nucleus
    - associated with an area of the DNA to influence transcription/translation
    Through this mechanism vit a can influence
    - cell proliferation
    - differentiation (especially epithelia)
    - development
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12
Q

vit A deficiency

A

blindness
impaired resistance to infection (lymphocytes and neutrophils affected)
Metaplasia and keratinisation of the conjunctiva epithelial cells

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13
Q

Vit D active formes

A
  • Vitamin D3 Calciol/cholecalciferol
  • Vitamin D2 ercalciol/ergocalciferol

hormone precusor

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14
Q

functions of vit D

A
  • maintenance of plasma calcium concentration (along with parathyroid hormone and calcitonin
  • Steroid hormone activating nuclear receptors and influencing over 50 genes
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15
Q

bone metabolisms

A

Vit D stimulated phosphate and calcium absorption in gut
renal absorption of Ca
-osteobalst have receptors for calcitriol
osteoclast activity/num increased
promotes formation and mineralisation of bone

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16
Q

vit D deficiency

A

rickets and osteomalacia
failure of bone mineralisation
impaired immune system

17
Q

vit E

A

lipid soluble

free radical trapping

18
Q

Vit K

A
  • Coenzyme in posttranslational carboxylation (adding another carboxyl group) of glutamate to Y carboxyl glutamate (gla) (modification of proteins)
  • allows it to coordinate with calcium
  • allows binding of proteins to membrane phospholipids
  • clotting
19
Q

Vit K and clotting

A

involved in blood coagulation

- thrombin factor 7 and 10 protein C S Z required vitamin K for funciton

20
Q

where does clotting occur

A

phospholipid surfaces

21
Q

Vit B

A

allco enzymes
bind to protein/enszymes
requires proteins for biological activity

22
Q

types of Vitamin B

A

vit B12 and b9
niacin (b3)
riboflavin (b2)
Thiamin B1

23
Q

Thiamin

A

co enzyme in central energy yielding pathways (pyruvate and kept glutamate
these produce ATP
co enzyme in pentose phosphate pathway (synthesis for nucleotides)

24
Q

what is acetyl Co A used to make

A

myelin and acetyl choline

neurotransmitters, myelin

25
Q

Riboflavin B2

A

electron carriers in metabolism reactions (mitochondrial electron transport chain)
bound to enzyme

26
Q

niacin b3

A

precursor of co enzymes NAD and NADP

electron carries in metabolic redox reactions

27
Q

what is niacin b3 synthesised from

A

dietary trytophan

28
Q

vit B6

A

pyridoxal phosphate

co factor in transamination reaction in aa metabolisms

29
Q

vit B12 and b9

A

co enymes

involved in DNA and myelin synthesis

30
Q

vit b12 and 9 defificney

A

anaemia and neurological damage

31
Q

vit C

A

reducing sugar and antioxidant

32
Q

role of Fit C

A

role in enzyme classes

  • dopamine B hydroxylase: synthesis of adrenaline and noradrenaline (Cu+ dependant, vit keeps copper + not 2+)
  • Lysine and proline hydrolases: maturation of connective tissue (collagen)

Involved in Iron uptake
- keeps iron as Fe2+ (not 3+)by chelating it and reducing it which increases absorption

33
Q

vitamins are involved in and relate to dentistry by

A

wound heeling
bleeding
resistance to infection
bone/tooth Ca2+

GDAN year 2 nutrition (14 decks)

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