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Nutr 302 > Vitamin B1, B2, B3 > Flashcards

Vitamin B1, B2, B3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name of VB1?

A

Thiamin

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2
Q

What is the structure of Thiamin

A

pyrimidine and thiazole

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3
Q

Thiamin/B1 coenzyme form

A

TDP and TPP

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4
Q

Thiamin/B1 sources

A

yeast, pork, legumes, whole and enriched grains,
sunflower seeds

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5
Q

Thiamin/B1 functions

A
  1. energy transformation
  2. NADPH and pentose
  3. Nerve conduction
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6
Q

Role of Thiamin/B1 in energy transformation

A
  • TDP (TPP) functions as coenzyme in catalyzing decarboxylation of
    pyruvate and α-ketoglutarate
  • pyruvate to acetyl CoA (pyruvate dehydrogenase complex)
  • α-ketoglutarate to succinyl CoA
  • Both of these reactions are important for release of energy from
    food in formation of ATP
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7
Q

Role of Thiamin/B1 in NADPH and pentose

A
  • TDP needed for transketolase reaction which forms pentoses
  • Pentoses used in synthesis of nucleic acids for RNA/DNA
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8
Q

Thiamin/B1 deficiency disease/symp

A

Beriberi- muscle weakness and wasting or heart failure with edema
Wernicke-korsakoff-neurological disorder

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9
Q

Thiamin/B1 at risk

A

elderly and increased need with elevated metabolism such as fever or hyperthyroidism

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10
Q

Thiamin/B1 toxicity

A
  • Supplementation is quite safe
  • No UL
  • Large doses may be helpful with MSUD
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11
Q

Thiamin/B1 assessment

A
  • Erythrocyte Transketolase Activity
  • Most sensitive measure, if elevated after
    thiamin addition, indicates deficiency
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12
Q

What is the name of vitamin B2

A

Riboflavin

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13
Q

Riboflavin/B2 structure

A

flavin + ribitol

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14
Q

Riboflavin/B2 coenzymes

A

FMN and FAD

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15
Q

Riboflavin/B2 sources

A

Milk, dairy products, eggs, meat,
legumes, enriched grains

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16
Q

Riboflavin/B2 is sensitive to

A

UV light

17
Q

Riboflavin/B2 Functions

A
  1. Energy transformation
    * ETS, pyruvate and succinate dehydrogenase
  2. Purine catabolism (xanthine oxidase)
  3. Vitamin B6 activation
  4. Folate activation
  5. Reduction of glutathione
  6. Niacin synthesis
18
Q

Riboflavin/B2 deficiency symptoms

A
  • Cheilosis – cracking of lips
  • Angular stomatitis – cracking of corner of mouth
  • Glossitis – inflammation of tongue, magenta tongue
19
Q

Riboflavin/B2 deficiency at risk groups

A
  • Elderly
  • Some cancers
  • Alcoholism
  • Elevated metabolism
20
Q

Riboflavin/B2 toxicity

A

none

21
Q

Riboflavin/B2 assessment

A
  • Red Cell Glutathione Reductase
  • FAD important in reducing glutathione
22
Q

Niacin/B3 coenzyme

A
  • Nicotinic acid, nicotinamide
  • Coenzyme forms: NAD, NADH, NADP, NADPH
23
Q

Niacin Sources

A

Food: MFP, enriched grains, legumes
* Synthesis from tryptophan

24
Q
A

60 mg try = 1 mg niacin

25
Q

niacin B3 functions

A
  1. Energy Transformation
    * ETS, glycolysis, pyruvate dehydrogenase, Krebs cycle, B-oxidation
  2. HMP shunt (NADP)
  3. HMP shunt (NADPH)
  4. Conversion of vitamin C, glutathione, folate to reduced states
  5. Lower cholesterol
    * Nicotinic acid in large doses may decrease VLDL and LDL and increase
    HDL
    * Side effects: release of histamine (flushing), liver injury, competition
    with urate for excretion, itching, elevated glucose
26
Q

Niacin B3 deficiency symptoms

A

Pellagra (4 Ds):
* Dermatitis
* Diarrhea
* Dementia
* Death

27
Q

Niacin B3 deficiencyat risk

A
  • Isoniazid users (reduce niacin synthesis)
  • Low intake (alcoholics)
  • elevated metabolism
  • Low pro/low tryptophan diet (corn)
28
Q

Niacin B3 toxicity

A
  • Nicotinic acid side effects: release of histamine
    (flushing), liver injury, competition with urate for
    excretion, itching, elevated glucose
  • Niacinamide–little known side effects
29
Q

Niacin B3 assessment

A
  • Ratio of N’methly-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide to
    N’methly nicotinamide (urinary metab of
    nicotinamide)

Nutr 302 (12 decks)

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