B6,B9,B12 Flashcards

1
Q

Folate B9 folic acid

A
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2
Q

folate b9 active form body

A

tetrahydrofolate THF

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3
Q

folate b9 active form food

A

polyglutamate

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4
Q

folate b9 sources

A
  • Yeast, mushrooms, green vegetables, legumes, liver,
    fortified foods, citrus fruits – especially strawberries and
    oranges
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5
Q

Folate b9 enzyme that hydolyze it

A

conjugase

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6
Q

Folate b9 conjugase inhibitor

A

low zinc status, alcohol, inhibitors in foods

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7
Q

folate b9 function

A
  • Functions in single carbon transfers in:
  • Nucleic Acid Synthesis
  • dUMP converted to dTMP (required for DNA
    synthesis)
  • Carbon donator in purine synthesis
  • Essential for cell division
  • Amino Acid Metabolism
  • homocysteine converted to methionine
  • Glycine converted to serine
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8
Q

resynthesis of methionine from homocysteine

A
  • Methionine -> homocysteine
    Too much want to convert back to methionine
    -2 ways: either converting to something else
    (cystathionine) with use of VitB6 or go back
    to methionine w/ methionine synthase
    -Too much homocysteine = risk higher CVD
    -PLP to help homocysteine to cystathionine
    -1 methyl group difference in cystathionine to
    become methionine (methylcobalamine)
    Methylcobalamin (cobalamin is B12) to
    homocysteine
    -cobalamin left when become methionine
  • Cobalamin can get methyl group and
    become methylcobalamin from 5-methyl
    THF
    -Becomes THF = active form of folate
  • THF becomes 5,10 methylene THF
    -1 way direction, trapped in body
    *All other forms of folate can convert to each
    other as long as it is not in the form of
    5,10 methylene THF
    -THF used for glycine and serine
  • Cobalamin B12 saves the trapped form of
    folate in body
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9
Q

folate b9 deficiency

A

Megaloblastic Anemia
* immature red blood cells
* Due to decreased DNA synthesis and improper cell
division along with continued RNA production

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10
Q

folate b9 deficiency risk

A
  • Pregnancy
  • Birth defects highly
    correlated with folate
    deficiency
  • alcoholism
  • Elderly
  • Phenytoin users
    (anticonvulsant)
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11
Q

folate b9 toxicity

A
  • Supplementation may mask
    B12 deficiency while
    permitting neurological
    damage caused by B12
    deficiency
  • Megadoses may induce
    seizures in epileptics
  • UL: 1 mg/d from
    supplements and fortified
    foods
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12
Q

Folate b9 interactions

A

Vitamin B12: Methyl-
folate trap

  • Without B12, methyl group
    in N5 methyl THF cannot be
    removed
  • Zinc:
  • Folate may decrease zinc
    absorption
  • Zinc deficiency may
    decrease folate absorption
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13
Q

Folate b9 assesment

A
  • Plasma, serum, or RBC
    folate
  • Deoxyuridine suppression
    test (from dUMP to dTMP)
  • Plasma homocysteine

concentrations

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14
Q

cobalamin b12 sources

A

nature B12 is made by
microbes (ie. in
rumen and ileum of some
animals), so animal
products are the main
sources (MFP, egg, milk)

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15
Q

cobalamin b12 absorption

A

Mechanisms:
I. Intrinsic Factor mediated absorption
1) Intrinsic factor (IF, a glycoprotein) is synthesized in
the stomach.
2) B12 combines with r-protein stomach and
travels to small intestine
3) B12 releases R protein and complexes with IF
4) B12-IF is absorbed in the ileum
5) B12 is released once complex is in the enterocyte

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16
Q

cobalamin b12 function

A

Converts homocysteine to methionine by transfer of methyl
group from folate to homocysteine

  • Converts methylmalonyl CoA to succinyl CoA which can be
    used in energy metabolism
  • nucleic acid synthesis -> through
    methionine formation and possibly through reduction of
    ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides
17
Q

cobalamin b12 deficiency

A

megaloblastic anemia

18
Q

cobalamin b12 deficiency symptoms

A
  • Large immature red blood
    cells, neuropathy, increased
    mean corpuscular volume
    (MCV)
  • Usually due to decreased
    absorption secondary to
    lack of IFas opposed to
    decreased intake, called
    pernicious anemia
19
Q

cobalamin b12 at risk groups

A
  • Elderly
  • Diseases/Surgery of the
    ileum
  • Alcoholic
  • Vegans
  • Stomach surgery recipients
20
Q

cobalamin b12 toxicity

21
Q

cobalamin b12 assessment

A
  • Serum B12
  • schilling test
  • Used to test B12
    absorption/presence of
    IF
  • inc plasma homocysteine

✽ Often done in conjunction
with folate assessment

22
Q

pyridoxine b6 coenzyme

A
  • PL, PM, PN, PLP, PMP, PNP
23
Q

pyridoxine b6 sources

A
  • Liver, nuts, bananas, legumes, meat, whole grains, salmon, sirloin steak, white meat chicken
24
Q

how is pyridoxine b6 metabolised to other forms

A

by phosphatase to most active form PLP

25
pyridoxine b6 function
1) Amino acid metabolism ▪ Transamination coenzyme (ie. AST/GOT, ALT/GPT) ▪ Decarboxylation (ie. serotonin production) ▪ Transulfhydration/desulfhydration (ie. methionine to cysteine or cysteine to pyruvate) ▪ Cleavage (ie. serine to glycine in folate metabolism) 2) Heme formation- with b6 and iron and makes red color of blood 3) niacin synthesis 4) Arachidonic acid production from lineoleate 5) Glycogenolysis (glycogen phosphorylase)
26
pyridoxine b6 effects
coronary heart disease, premenstrual syndrome, and carpal tunnel syndrome
27
pyridoxine b6 deficiency symptoms
* Lethargy in adult * Seizures in infants * hypochromic/microcytic anemia * Depression
28
pyridoxine b6 at risk groups
* Breastfed infants of mothers with deficiency * Elderly * Alcoholics * Oral contraceptive users
29
pyridoxine b6 assessment
- plansme PLP - trasaminase activity - tryptophan load- b6 is required to convert to niacin
29
B1 B2 B3 B5 B6 B7 B9 B12
Thiamin Riboflavin Niacin Pantothenic Acid Pyridoxine Biotin Folate Cobalamin