vitale 9 Flashcards
what is the border that defines the thoracic passage of the diaphragm?
the border between the thoracic descending aorta and the abdominal descending aorta
is the diaphragmatic aortic passage posterior or anterior to the esophageal diaphragmatic passage?
posterior to the passage of the esophagus into the diaphragm.
what is the portion of the diaphragm in which we have the passage of the inferior vena cava?
the frenic center
->tendinous in nature as well
in terms of vertebrae, which are the level of the esophageal passage and of the aortic passage in the diaphragm?
the esophagus=at T10
the descending thoracic aorta=at T12
aorta passes posteriorly
(before it was on the left of the esophagus)
what’s the name of the angle between the fundus of the stomach and the esophagus?
angle of HIS
how many intercostal muscles do we have for each intercostal space?
2, one internal and one external
external intercostal muscles are expiratory or inspiratory?
inspiratory, raise the ribs
while internal are expiratory
what vascularizes the diaphragm superiorly and inferiorly?
superior phrenic arteries and inferior phrenic arteries
origin of the internal thoracic arteries
subclavian artery
both the left and the right internal thoracic artery go internally in the rib cage at both sides of the sternum
the posterior intercostal arteries are branches of?
the thoracic aorta
the anterior intercostal arteries are branches of?
internal thoracic arteries
intercostal neurovascular bundle
formed by intercostal arteries (anastomosis of anterior and posterior intercostal arteries), intercostal veins and intercostal nerves.
lie in the middle of the two intercostal muscular layers
the two internal thoracic arteries terminate with 2 terminal branches:
- muscolofrenic artery, which contributes to the vascularization of the diaphgram
- superior epigastric artery, which anastomosis with inferior epigastric artery
which is the vein that collects the venous blood from the intercostal spaces on the right side?
the azygous vein
originates from the lumbar veins and it runs deep on the right side of the thoracic vertebral bodies
on the left side we have 2 veins that drain the venous blood for intercostal spaces and then bring it to the azygous vein
- proper hemiazygous vein, which drains the blood from the inferior intercostal spaces
- accessory hemiazygous vein which drains the blood from the superior intercostal spaces
both end up to drain the blood into the azygous vein on the right side.
where is the brachial plexus located?
in the axilla. in the pyramidal gap between the lateral thoracic wall and upper limb.
which is the muscle that passes anterior to the axillary artery?
pectoralis major
main branches of the axillary artery
humeral circumflex artery
(anterior and posterior, make a ring around the neck of the humerus anastomosing)
subscapular
lateral thoracic artery
thoraco acromial artery
(ant, branches: clavicular, pectoralis-post branches: acromial, deltoid)
superior thoracic artery
when does the axillary artery becomes brachial?
when it passes below the inferior border of the teres major
the axillary artery goes from where to where in terms of borders?
from the external border of the first rib to the inferior border of the teres major
while traveling to the elbow, the brachial artery gives off:
superior and inferior ulnar collateral and anterior and posterior ulnar recurrent
these arteries make a sort of deep arterial arching around the elbow
the brachial artery at the elbow gives off its 2 terminal branches
radial artery (lateral)
ulnar artery (medial)
they travel between the superficial and deep layer of the forearm muscles and have several branches for these muscles
what is the tabacchiera anatomica?
a little fossa in between the extensor policis longus and the extensor policis brevis
