vitale 7 Flashcards
what originates from the arch of the aorta?
common carotid arteries, subclavian artery, axillary artery and brachial artery
common carotid arteries branch into?
external carotid artery
->to vascularize the face
internal carotid artery
->to vascularize the brain (anterior and middle portion of the brain)
what is the branch of the subclavian artery that vascularizes the posterior portion of the brain?
vertebral artery
bronchial arteries are branches of?
the thoracic aorta
below the diaphragm the thoracic aorta becomes abdominal aorta. at the level of L4 branches into?
internal-external iliac arteries
internal->vascularization of the pelvis and perineum
external->becomes anterior to vascularize the anterior thigh (changing his name into femoral artery)
the femoral artery at the level of the knee becomes?
popliteal artery
the popliteal artery branches into?
fibula and tibia arteries that vascularize the leg
the deep veins collect
both deep venous return and superficial venous return
which venous system is satellite with arteries?
deep venous system
muscular arteries (medium calibre) vs elastic arteries
elastic arteries have a prevalence of elastic fibers in the tunica media
muscular arteries have a prevalence of smooth muscle cells in the tunica media. also in muscular arteries we can find elastic fibers in both internal elastic lamina and external elastic lamina.
the veins of the lower part of the body have valves in the endothelium. why?
-to allow an unidirectional blood flow despite gravity
-to fractionate the weight of the blood column into the vein
what is capillaries main characteristic? what are they made of?
-endothelium+basal lamina
-exchanging vessels
stretch receptors
the more they are stretched (the more blood enters the chambers), the more they are stimulated.
the blood that enters has to be equal to the blood that is pumped away and that’s thanks to stretch receptors
Frank Starling law
mathematically describes the automatic adjustment of the cardiac output based on the venous input
the superior vena cava derives from the conjunction of?
right and left brachiocephalic veins
right one=shorter
right and left brachiocephalic vein originate from the conjunction of
internal jugular vein and subclavian vein
from the pulmonary trunk arise
right and left pulmonary arteries
left=shorter
where does gas exchange happen?
in the alveoli
bronchial circulation
-provide nourishment to the tissues in the lungs not involved in gas exchange such as the bronchi, the connective tissue and the pleura.
-that happens thanks to the bronchial arteries, 2 on the left and 1 on the right
bronchial arteries are collaterals of?
the descending thoracic aorta
from the arch of the aorta we have
-brachiocephalic trunk on the right side: from which originates the right common carotid artery and the right subclavian artery
-the left common carotid artery and the left subclavian artery originate independently from the arch of the aorta (NO brachiocephalic trunk on the left side)
venus blood in the brain is collected by?
venous sinuses that drain into the internal jugular vein
at which bone-level do we have the branching of the common carotid artery into internal and external?
at the level of the hyoid bone
the external carotid artery terminally branches into?
maxillary artery
superficial temporal artery
