vitale 7

Question 1

what originates from the arch of the aorta?

Answer 1

common carotid arteries, subclavian artery, axillary artery and brachial artery

Question 2

common carotid arteries branch into?

Answer 2

external carotid artery
->to vascularize the face
internal carotid artery
->to vascularize the brain (anterior and middle portion of the brain)

Question 3

what is the branch of the subclavian artery that vascularizes the posterior portion of the brain?

Answer 3

vertebral artery

Question 4

bronchial arteries are branches of?

Answer 4

the thoracic aorta

Question 5

below the diaphragm the thoracic aorta becomes abdominal aorta. at the level of L4 branches into?

Answer 5

internal-external iliac arteries
internal->vascularization of the pelvis and perineum
external->becomes anterior to vascularize the anterior thigh (changing his name into femoral artery)

Question 6

the femoral artery at the level of the knee becomes?

Answer 6

popliteal artery

Question 7

the popliteal artery branches into?

Answer 7

fibula and tibia arteries that vascularize the leg

Question 8

the deep veins collect

Answer 8

both deep venous return and superficial venous return

Question 9

which venous system is satellite with arteries?

Answer 9

deep venous system

Question 10

muscular arteries (medium calibre) vs elastic arteries

Answer 10

elastic arteries have a prevalence of elastic fibers in the tunica media

muscular arteries have a prevalence of smooth muscle cells in the tunica media. also in muscular arteries we can find elastic fibers in both internal elastic lamina and external elastic lamina.

Question 11

the veins of the lower part of the body have valves in the endothelium. why?

Answer 11

-to allow an unidirectional blood flow despite gravity
-to fractionate the weight of the blood column into the vein

Question 12

what is capillaries main characteristic? what are they made of?

Answer 12

-endothelium+basal lamina
-exchanging vessels

Question 13

stretch receptors

Answer 13

the more they are stretched (the more blood enters the chambers), the more they are stimulated.
the blood that enters has to be equal to the blood that is pumped away and that’s thanks to stretch receptors

Question 14

Frank Starling law

Answer 14

mathematically describes the automatic adjustment of the cardiac output based on the venous input

Question 15

the superior vena cava derives from the conjunction of?

Answer 15

right and left brachiocephalic veins
right one=shorter

Question 16

right and left brachiocephalic vein originate from the conjunction of

Answer 16

internal jugular vein and subclavian vein

Question 17

from the pulmonary trunk arise

Answer 17

right and left pulmonary arteries
left=shorter

Question 18

where does gas exchange happen?

Answer 18

in the alveoli

Question 19

bronchial circulation

Answer 19

-provide nourishment to the tissues in the lungs not involved in gas exchange such as the bronchi, the connective tissue and the pleura.
-that happens thanks to the bronchial arteries, 2 on the left and 1 on the right

Question 20

bronchial arteries are collaterals of?

Answer 20

the descending thoracic aorta

Question 21

from the arch of the aorta we have

Answer 21

-brachiocephalic trunk on the right side: from which originates the right common carotid artery and the right subclavian artery

-the left common carotid artery and the left subclavian artery originate independently from the arch of the aorta (NO brachiocephalic trunk on the left side)

Question 22

venus blood in the brain is collected by?

Answer 22

venous sinuses that drain into the internal jugular vein

Question 23

at which bone-level do we have the branching of the common carotid artery into internal and external?

Answer 23

at the level of the hyoid bone

Question 24

the external carotid artery terminally branches into?

Answer 24

maxillary artery
superficial temporal artery

Question 25

inside the parotid gland we have the passage of?

Answer 25

-external carotid artery
-cranial nerve 7
-retromandibular vein

Question 26

anterior branches of the external carotid arteries

Answer 26

-facial artery
-lingual artery
-suprathyroid artery

Question 27

middle branch of external carotid artery

Answer 27

ascending pharyngeal artery

Question 28

posterior branches of the external carotid artery

Answer 28

occipital artery
posterior auricular artery

Question 29

terminal branches of external carotid artery

Answer 29

maxillary artery
superficial temporal artery