vitale 8

Question 1

which one between internal and external carotid arteries has branches in the neck?

Answer 1

external carotid artery

Question 2

where is the carotid canal located?

Answer 2

into the pyramidal portion of the temporal bone

Question 3

what is the tubercle used as a position of reference to hear the pulse of the common carotid artery?

Answer 3

tubercle of chassaignac, carotid tubercle of C6

Question 4

Left and right vertebral artery anastomose into?

Answer 4

Basilar artery/trunk
that goes into the cranium with the spinal cord through the foramen magnum

Question 5

which parts of the brain do the vertebral arteries vascularize?

Answer 5

-cerebellum
-brain stem
-occipital lobes of the hemisphere

Question 6

communication of internal and external carotid circulation

Answer 6

at the medial angle of the eye, one terminal branch of the ophthalmic artery (branch of internal carotid) anastomose with the facial artery (branch of external carotid)

Question 7

sphenopalatine fossa between?

Answer 7

the posterior aspect of the maxillary bone and the medial and lateral pterygoid processes of the sphenoid bone

Question 8

maxilalry artery is divided in 3 portions

Answer 8

1. mandibular portion
2. pterygoid portion
3. pterygopalatine portion

Question 9

mandibular portion of maxillary artery branches

Answer 9

anterior tympanic arteries
mid meningeal artery
inferior alveolar artery

Question 10

pterygoid portion of maxillary artery branches

Answer 10

pterygoid, masseteric, posterior deep temporal, anterior deep temporal, buccinator arteries

Question 11

pterygopalatine portion branches

Answer 11

posterior superior alveolar artery
infraorbital artery

Question 12

where do the 2 brachiocephalic veins drain?

Answer 12

into the superior vena cava

Question 13

each brachiocephalic trunk originate at the conjunction of which veins?

Answer 13

internal jugular vein and subclavian vein

Question 14

which brachiocephalic vein between right and left is more vertical and shorter?

Answer 14

the right one, they converge into the superior vena cava that is on the right side

Question 15

the carotid sheet covers

Answer 15

-inernal jugular vein
-vagus nerve (cranial nerve 10)
-carotid artery
either internal if we look above the bifurcation
or common if below the bifurcation

Question 16

what’s the name of the fossa from which originates the internal jugular vein?

Answer 16

jugular foramen between the temporal and the occipital bone

Question 17

in the anterior portion of the jugular foramen there are 3 nerves

Answer 17

glossopharyngeal (cranial nerve 9) vagus nerve (cranial nerve 10) accessory nerve (cranial nerve 11)

Question 18

the venus blood in the brain is collected by?

Answer 18

the dura mater venous sinuses
drain into eachother until they drain into 2 transverse sinuses (in the posterior cranial fossa)
the transverse sinuses then reach the jugular fossa and become right-left internal jugular veins

Question 19

thyroid veins, drained by?

Answer 19

superior and middle by the internal jugular vein
inferior directly goes into the brachiocephalic trunk

Question 20

internal carotid artery has the carotid sinus, why?

Answer 20

has baroreceptors in the wall to check for the blood pressure
they are present as a checkpoint for blood pressure before going into the intracranial circulation
it gets activated when the blood pressure decreases

Question 21

carotid globus/body

Answer 21

attached to the carotid sinus
it has chemoreceptors: checkpoint for hemoglobin saturation
is not in the wall of the artery, is outside
its vascularized by a little artery coming from the carotid
-activated when the conc of oxygen decreases

Question 22

what can you see anteriorly and posteriorly of the anterior scalene tendon?

Answer 22

anteriorly you can see the subclavian vein
posteriorly the subclavian artery

Question 23

branches of the thyrocervical trunk

Answer 23

-inferior thyroid artery
-transverse cervical artery