vitale 3 Flashcards
where is positioned the apex of the heart in terms of intercostal spaces?
in the 4th or 5th intercostal space on the left side
where is the angle of Louis in terms of ribs?
is at the level of the second rib. we can use it as a reference point to count the intercostal spaces and to find the apex of the heart to put the stethoscope
parts of the diaphragm muscular in nature
right dome and left dome
part of the diaphragm tendinous in nature
central part, where the pericardium attaches through the frenopericardic ligament
what happens to the diaphragm when we inspire?
it flattens downward (moves a bit downward) same for the lungs and the pleurae
what happens to the domes of the diaphragm during expiration?
they go up and also the central portion (despite it being tendinous) moves upward
how does the heart move during expiration?
it moves upward, becoming more horizontal
how does the heart move during inspiration?
it moves downward becoming more vertical
at which level in the heart we find the reflection point?
at the level of the origin of the great vessels.
the origin of the aorta, the terminal portion of the superior vena cava and the origin of the pulmonary trunk are covered by the pericardium
what’s the name of the medial aspect of each lung?
mediastinic aspect
in the pleura–>mediastinic pleura
position of right and left frenic nerves
from the neck snd descend down between the mediastinic pleura and the pericardium, reaching the diaphragm
the nervous stimulus for inspiration/expiration is brought to the diaphragm by the frenic nerves
the inferior vena cava
comes from the abdomen, pass through the tendinous portion of the diaphragm and enters in the inferior part of the right atrium.
why both the superior and the inferior vena cava enter into the right atrium?
because they have to bring deoxygenated blood back to the heart from the upper and lower body
where is the thymus?
in the anterior superior mediastinum
what does a dilatation of the left ventricle indicate?
cardiac insufficiency
what’s the consequence of accumulation of fluid in between the two pericardial layers?
the heart doesn’t beat properly, there is compression of the heart
where does the pulmonary trunk bifurcates? in what?
below the arch of the aorta into right and left pulmonary artery
pulmonary veins
4 of them, a pair from each lung
-enter the left atrium and are the only veins in the body that carry oxygenated blood
origin of the coronary arteries
from the aorta
in which side we have the tricuspid valve?
right side
in which side we have the bicuspid/mitralic valve?
left side
name of the groove where coronary vessels are accommodated
coronary groove
what’s the anatomical name of the first cm of the aorta?
ascending aorta
what are the branches of the ascending aorta?
left and right coronary arteries
