vitale 6 Flashcards
what is the origin of the coronary arteries?
at the level of the aortic valve
when the aortic valve is open during the systolic phase, can the coronary arteries receive blood from the aorta?
no, they can’t. they are blocked by the opening of the valve. The myocardial tissue during the systolic phase is not receiving blood because even if the coronary arteries could receive the blood the capillaries inside the ventricles would be too squeezed (due to the incredible high pressure) to accept it.
during the diastolic phase the aortic valve is closed and thanks to the force generated by the elastic return of the aorta the blood can go inside the coronary and can vascularize the myocardial tissue
what is the elastic return of the aorta?
the ability of the aorta to expand and then return to its original shape after every heart beat
fibrous skeleton of the heart
only part of the heart that is not muscular in nature
the leaflets of all the 4 valves attach to it
bundle of his or atrioventricular bundle
-in between the mitralic and the tricuspid valve
-the fibers of this bundle transport the stimulus from the atrial myocardium to the ventricular myocardium beyond the fibrous skeleton of the heart
the papillary muscles are named like what?
like the leaflets of the valves
for the tricuspid:
anterior papillary muscle
posterior papillary muscle
septal papillary muscle
mitralic
anterior papillary muscle
posterior papillary muscle
where in the thorax, if you put the stethoscope, can you hear the mitralic component of the first tone?
at the 5th intercostal space on the left sternal margin, in the heart apex, in line with the middle clavicular line
where in the thorax, if you put the stethoscope, can you hear the tricuspid component of the first tone?
in the 5th intercostal space in the right sternal margin
where in the thorax, if you put the stethoscope, can you hear the aortic component of the second tone?
in the 2nd intercostal space in the right sternal margin
where in the thorax, if you put the stethoscope, can you hear the pulmonary component of the second tone?
in the second intercostal space in the left sternal margin
cardiac plexus
-below the arch of the aorta there is a mix of parasympathetic and sympathetic fibers that with little nerves innervate the myocardial tissue
-nerves don’t generate the stimulus, they regulate the heart beating based on the body necessities
sinoatrial node. where is it?
close to the opening of the superior vena cava in the muscular portion of the right atrium
atrioventricular node, where is it?
in the right atrium very close to the border between the atria and the ventricles.
purkinje cells here have a longer refractory period.
septomarginal trabecula
helps the HIS bundle to reach the anterior and posterior papillary muscles in the right atrium (it can autonomically reach the septal one cause attached to the septum)
