vitale 4

Question 1

the coronary sinus

Answer 1

it collects almost all venous blood return

Question 2

where do we expect the coronary sinus to open?

Answer 2

into the right atrium

Question 3

which venous openings do we expect to find in the right atrium?

Answer 3

superior vena cava
inferior vena cava
coronary sinus

Question 4

the great cardiac vein runs parallel to which artery in the posterior aspect of the heart?

Answer 4

parallel to the circumflex artery

Question 5

the great cardiac vein continues posteriorly with?

Answer 5

the coronary sinus

Question 6

the great cardiac vein collects blood of?

Answer 6

both left and right ventricle

Question 7

veins that the Coronary sinus receive

Answer 7

posterior left ventricular vein and middle cardiac vein
small cardiac vein
great cardiac vein

Question 8

the small cardiac vein runs parallel to?

Answer 8

the right coronary artery.
it is the right affluent to the coronary sinus

Question 9

what are the veins that collect venous blood from the right ventricle?

Answer 9

great cardiac vein
small cardiac vein

Question 10

the small veins of the right atrium are not collected by the coronary sinus. why?

Answer 10

because the right atrium is the terminal destination of the venous blood. it would make no sense to terminate into the coronary sinus and then go back to the right atrium. their final destination is the right atrium.

Question 11

the right atrium collects venus blood from the ventricles and the left atrium through?

Answer 11

the coronary sinus

Question 12

name of the valve between the pulmonary trunk and the right ventricle

Answer 12

semilunar pulmonary valve

Question 13

name of the valve between the right atrium and right ventricle

Answer 13

tricuspid valve

Question 14

name of the valve between left atrium and left ventricle

Answer 14

bicuspid or mitralic

Question 15

name of the valve between left ventricle and aorta

Answer 15

semilunar aortic valve

Question 16

the time between the first and second tone is the time of?

Answer 16

the systolic phase

Question 17

the time between the second tone and the subsequent first tone corresponds to?

Answer 17

the diastolic phase

Question 18

the two atrioventricular valves close together at the beginning of?

Answer 18

the systolic phase

Question 19

the two semilunar valve close together at the beginning of?

Answer 19

the diastolic phase

Question 20

which one is quicker between systolic and diastolic? why?

Answer 20

systolic phase
it takes more time to fill the ventricles from the atria than to squeeze the ventricles and fill the respective arteries

Question 21

why does the inter atrial septum must remain incomplete until birth?

Answer 21

because oxygenated blood reaches the right atrium in the fetal circulation and then it moves into the left atrium: the septum would not allow this communication

Question 22

what’s the embryological origin of the aorta and the pulmonary artery?

Answer 22

they both originate from the truncus arteriosus

Question 23

Composition of the interventricular septum

Answer 23

lower 2/3 comes from the real interventricular septum, muscular in nature
upper 1/3 from the septum of the truncus arteriosus that descends into the ventricle cavity completing their separation–>fibrous in nature
FIBROUS PORTION OF THE INTER VENTRICULAR SEPTUM

Question 24

why after birth the pressure in the left atrium increases? what is the consequence?

Answer 24

the pressure in the left atrium increases after birth because lungs start to work and the pulmonary veins start to bring oxygenated blood to the left atrium.
the septum primum and the septum secondum impinge against eachother closing the foramen ovale. subsequently they will fuse together to form the real strong inter atrial septum.

Question 25

differences in structure between the anterior and posterior part of the right atrium

Answer 25

the posterior part is from vascular origin. it derives from the venus sinus (origin of the 2 vene cavae)

the anterior part is from the myocardial structure, is called auricle