Vita_Def Flashcards
[Deficiency] A
night blindness; dry skin
[Excess] A
arthralgia, fatugue, HA, sin changes, sore throat, HAIT LOSS; teratogenic (cleft paltate, cardia abnormalities); vertigo; n/v; double vision
[Deficiency] B1 (thiamine)
impaired glucose break down –> ATP depletion [WORSE w/ glucose infusion]; aerobic tissue (brain and heart) affect first;
[Function] B1 (thiamine)
Cofactor for decarboxylation reactions - Pyruvate decarboylase (link glycolysis to TCA); alpha ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (TCA); transketolase (HMP); Branched-chain amino acid dehydrogenase
[Deficiency] B2 (riboflavin)
Chelosis (inflammation of lip, scaling, and fissures at the corners of the mouth), coreneal vascularization
[Function] B2 (riboflavin)
Cofaction in Ox reduction (FAD2)
[Deficiency] B3 (niacin)
Glossitis; pellagra; “dementia, demititis, diarrhea”; 2/2 Hartnup (decrease tryptophan absorbtion); 2/2 malignant carcinoid (increase thryptophan metabolism); 2/2 INH (decrease vitamin B6)
[Excess] B3 (niacin)
Facial flusing
[Function] B3 (niacin)
constituent of NAD+, NADP+ (for redox reaction); derived from tryptophan; synthesis requires B6
[Deficiency] B5 (pantothenate)
Dermatitis; HAIR LOSS, enteritis, ADRENAL INSUF.
[Function] B5 (pantothenate)
Essential component of CoA (cofactor for acyl transfers) and FA synthase
[Deficiency] B6 (pyridoxine)
Convulsions, HYPER-irritable, peripheral neuropathy (2/2INH or OCP), sideroblastic anemia (2/2 impaired hemoglobin syntesis and iro excess)
[Function] B6 (pyridoxine)
converted to Pyirdoxal phosphate; cofactor in transamination (ALT, AST); decarboxylation reactions; glycogen phosphorylase; cystathionine, heme, niacin, histamin, NT (seratonin, E, NE< and GABA
[Deficiency] B7 (biotin)
rare; dematitis, hair loss, erteritis (2/2 Abx)
[function] B7 (biotin)
cofactor for coboxylation rxn - pyruvate caboxylase (3C)–> oxaloacetate (4C); acteyl CoA carboxylase; propionyl CoA
[Deficiency] B9 (folic acid)
MACROcytic MEGAloblastic anemia: NO NEURO symptoms
[function] B9 (folic acid)
coverted to tetrafolate (THF) - coenzyme for 1-carbon transfer/methylation rxn
[Deficiency] B12 (cobalamin)
MACROcytic MEGAloblastic anemia; hyper segmented PMNs; NEURO dysfuntion(2/2 abnormal myelin) —-DELAYed symptom onset
[function] B12 (cobalamin)
Cofactor for homocystein methyltranferase (tranfers CH3 group as methylcobalamin and methylmalonyl CoA mutase)
[Deficiency] C
Scruvy - swollen gums, bruising, hemathrosis, anemia, poor wound healing
[Excess] C
n/v/d/fatigue/ sleep problem; increase risk of iron toxicity in redisposed individuals (ie tranfusions, hereditary hemochromatosis)
[Function] C
Antioxidan; facilitate iron absorbtion; needed for hydroxylation of lysine and proline (collagen synthesis); needed for dopamine beta-hydroxylase [dopamine –> NE]
[Deficiency] D
Rickets (kids); osteomalacia (adults); hyorcalcmeia tentany
[Excess] D
Hypercalcemia; hypercalciuria; loss aof appitite; stupor; [sarcoidosis — increased activation of vitamin D by Macrophages]
[Function] D
Increase intestinal absorbtion of Ca2+ and Phos; increase bone mineralization
[Deficiency] E
increase fragitlity of erythrocytes (hemolytic anemia); muscle weakness’ POSTERIOR column and SPINOCEREBELLAE tract demylenation
[Function] E
Antioxidant; protect erythrocytes and membrane from free radical damage
[Deficiency] K
neonatal hemorrage increase PT and aPTT, normal BT (also seen 2/2 prolonged broad spectrum Abx)
[Function] K
Catalyze gamma-carboxilation of glutic acid residues on various protiens concerned with blood clotting; synthesized in the intestinal flora
[Deficiency] Zinc
Delayed wound healing, hypogonadism, Decreased adult hair, anosmia, dysgeusia (no taste)
[Function] Zinc
essential for many enzyme fuction — and zinc fingers (transcription factor motif
