Vita_Def

Question 1

[Deficiency] A

Answer 1

night blindness; dry skin

Question 2

[Excess] A

Answer 2

arthralgia, fatugue, HA, sin changes, sore throat, HAIT LOSS; teratogenic (cleft paltate, cardia abnormalities); vertigo; n/v; double vision

Question 3

[Deficiency] B1 (thiamine)

Answer 3

impaired glucose break down –> ATP depletion [WORSE w/ glucose infusion]; aerobic tissue (brain and heart) affect first;

Question 4

[Function] B1 (thiamine)

Answer 4

Cofactor for decarboxylation reactions - Pyruvate decarboylase (link glycolysis to TCA); alpha ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (TCA); transketolase (HMP); Branched-chain amino acid dehydrogenase

Question 5

[Deficiency] B2 (riboflavin)

Answer 5

Chelosis (inflammation of lip, scaling, and fissures at the corners of the mouth), coreneal vascularization

Question 6

[Function] B2 (riboflavin)

Answer 6

Cofaction in Ox reduction (FAD2)

Question 7

[Deficiency] B3 (niacin)

Answer 7

Glossitis; pellagra; “dementia, demititis, diarrhea”; 2/2 Hartnup (decrease tryptophan absorbtion); 2/2 malignant carcinoid (increase thryptophan metabolism); 2/2 INH (decrease vitamin B6)

Question 8

[Excess] B3 (niacin)

Answer 8

Facial flusing

Question 9

[Function] B3 (niacin)

Answer 9

constituent of NAD+, NADP+ (for redox reaction); derived from tryptophan; synthesis requires B6

Question 10

[Deficiency] B5 (pantothenate)

Answer 10

Dermatitis; HAIR LOSS, enteritis, ADRENAL INSUF.

Question 11

[Function] B5 (pantothenate)

Answer 11

Essential component of CoA (cofactor for acyl transfers) and FA synthase

Question 12

[Deficiency] B6 (pyridoxine)

Answer 12

Convulsions, HYPER-irritable, peripheral neuropathy (2/2INH or OCP), sideroblastic anemia (2/2 impaired hemoglobin syntesis and iro excess)

Question 13

[Function] B6 (pyridoxine)

Answer 13

converted to Pyirdoxal phosphate; cofactor in transamination (ALT, AST); decarboxylation reactions; glycogen phosphorylase; cystathionine, heme, niacin, histamin, NT (seratonin, E, NE< and GABA

Question 14

[Deficiency] B7 (biotin)

Answer 14

rare; dematitis, hair loss, erteritis (2/2 Abx)

Question 15

[function] B7 (biotin)

Answer 15

cofactor for coboxylation rxn - pyruvate caboxylase (3C)–> oxaloacetate (4C); acteyl CoA carboxylase; propionyl CoA

Question 16

[Deficiency] B9 (folic acid)

Answer 16

MACROcytic MEGAloblastic anemia: NO NEURO symptoms

Question 17

[function] B9 (folic acid)

Answer 17

coverted to tetrafolate (THF) - coenzyme for 1-carbon transfer/methylation rxn

Question 18

[Deficiency] B12 (cobalamin)

Answer 18

MACROcytic MEGAloblastic anemia; hyper segmented PMNs; NEURO dysfuntion(2/2 abnormal myelin) —-DELAYed symptom onset

Question 19

[function] B12 (cobalamin)

Answer 19

Cofactor for homocystein methyltranferase (tranfers CH3 group as methylcobalamin and methylmalonyl CoA mutase)

Question 20

[Deficiency] C

Answer 20

Scruvy - swollen gums, bruising, hemathrosis, anemia, poor wound healing

Question 21

[Excess] C

Answer 21

n/v/d/fatigue/ sleep problem; increase risk of iron toxicity in redisposed individuals (ie tranfusions, hereditary hemochromatosis)

Question 22

[Function] C

Answer 22

Antioxidan; facilitate iron absorbtion; needed for hydroxylation of lysine and proline (collagen synthesis); needed for dopamine beta-hydroxylase [dopamine –> NE]

Question 23

[Deficiency] D

Answer 23

Rickets (kids); osteomalacia (adults); hyorcalcmeia tentany

Question 24

[Excess] D

Answer 24

Hypercalcemia; hypercalciuria; loss aof appitite; stupor; [sarcoidosis — increased activation of vitamin D by Macrophages]

Question 25

[Function] D

Answer 25

Increase intestinal absorbtion of Ca2+ and Phos; increase bone mineralization

Question 26

[Deficiency] E

Answer 26

increase fragitlity of erythrocytes (hemolytic anemia); muscle weakness’ POSTERIOR column and SPINOCEREBELLAE tract demylenation

Question 27

[Function] E

Answer 27

Antioxidant; protect erythrocytes and membrane from free radical damage

Question 28

[Deficiency] K

Answer 28

neonatal hemorrage increase PT and aPTT, normal BT (also seen 2/2 prolonged broad spectrum Abx)

Question 29

[Function] K

Answer 29

Catalyze gamma-carboxilation of glutic acid residues on various protiens concerned with blood clotting; synthesized in the intestinal flora

Question 30

[Deficiency] Zinc

Answer 30

Delayed wound healing, hypogonadism, Decreased adult hair, anosmia, dysgeusia (no taste)

Question 31

[Function] Zinc

Answer 31

essential for many enzyme fuction — and zinc fingers (transcription factor motif