Rapid Review Classical Labs_Findings Flashcards
1
Q
Lab/Diagnostic Finding
A
Diagnosis/Disease
2
Q
Anticentromere antibodies
A
Scleroderma (CREST)
3
Q
Antidesmoglein (epithelial) antibodies
A
Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)
4
Q
Anti-glomeular basement membrane antibodies
A
Goodpasture’s syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptys???)
5
Q
Antihistone antibodies
A
Drug-induced SLE (hydralazine, isoniazid , phenytoin, procainamide)
6
Q
Anti-IgG antibodies
A
Rheumtoid arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity)
7
Q
Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs)
A
Primary biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal hypertension)
8
Q
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)
A
Vaculitis (c-ANCA: granulomatosis with polyangiitis [Wegener’s]; p-ANCA: microscopic polyangiitis, Churg- Strauss syndrome)
9
Q
Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs: anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA)
A
SLE (type III hypersensitivity)
10
Q
Antiplatelet antibodies
A
Idopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
11
Q
Anti-topoisomerase antibodies
A
Diffuse systemic scleroderma
12
Q
Anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies
A
Celic disease (diarrhea, distension, weight loss)
13
Q
“Apple core” lesion on abdominal x-ray
A
Colorectal cancer (usually left sided)
14
Q
Azurophilic peroxidase-positive granular inclusions in granulocytes and myleoblasts
A
Auer rods (acute myelogenous leukemia, especially the promyelocytic [M3] type)
15
Q
Bacitracin response
A
Senstive: Streptococcus pyogenes (group A); resistant: Streptococcucs agalactiae (group B)
16
Q
“Bamboo spine” on x-ray
A
Ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammtory arthritis: HLA-B27)
17
Q
Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs
A
Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)
18
Q
Basophilic stippling of RBCs
A
Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia
19
Q
Bloody tap on LP
A
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
20
Q
“Boot-shaped” heart on x-ray
A
Tetrology of Fallot, RVH
21
Q
Branching gram-positive rods with sulfur granules
A
Actinomyces israelii
22
Q
Bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging
A
Pancoast tumor (can compress sympathetic ganglion and cause Horner’s syndrome)
23
Q
“Brown” tumor
A
Hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color)
24
Q
Cadiomegaly witg apical atrophy
A
Chagas’ disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)
25
Cellular crescents in Bowman's capsule
Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis
26
"Chocolate cyst"of ovary
Endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)
27
Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibirls
Homer-Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma)
28
Colonies of mucoid Psuedomonas in lungs
Cystic fibrosis (autosomal-recessive mutation in CFTR resulting in fat-soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs)
29
Decreased alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormality
30
Degeneration of dorsal column nerves
Tabes dorsalis (tertiary syphilis), subacute combined degeneration (dorsal columns and lateral corticospinal tracts affected)
31
Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra
Parkinson's disease (basal ganglia disorder; rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia
32
Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum
Curschmann's spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucous plugs)
33
Disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid
Call-Exner bodies (granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary)
34
Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia
Koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer)
35
Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies
"Owl's eye" appearance of CMV
36
Enlarged thyroid cells with ground- glass nuclei
"Orphan Annie's eyes nuclei (pappillary carcinoma of the thyroid)
37
Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell
Mallory bodies (alcoholic liver disease)
38
Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell
Lewy body (Parkinson's disease)
39
Eosinophilic globule in liver
Concilman body (toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever
40
Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal nerve cells
Negri bodies of rabies (Lyssavirus)
41
Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain
Senile plaques (Alzheimer's disease)
42
Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions ("owl's eye")
Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin's lymphoma
43
Glomerulus-like structure surronding vessel in germ cells
Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)
44
"Hair on end" (crew-cut) appearance on x-ray
Beta-thalassemia, sickle cell anemia (marrow expansion)
45
hCG elevated
Choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole (occurs with and without embryo)
46
Heart nodules (granulomatous)
Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)
47
Heterophile antibodies
Infectious mononucleosis (EBV)
48
Hexagonal, double-pointed needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions
Bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules
49
High level of D-dimers (3)
DVT, pulmonary embolism, DIC
50
Hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granlomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)
Ghon complex (Primary TB: Mycobacterium bacilli)
51
"Honeycomb lung" on x-ray or CT
Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis
52
Hypercoagubility (leading to migrating DVTs an vasculitis)
Trousseau's syndrome (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung
53
Hypersegmented neurophils
Megloblasitic anemia (B12 deficiency: neurologic symptoms; folate deficiency: no neurologic symptoms)
54
Hyperstension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis
Conn's syndrome
55
Hypochromic, microcytic anemia (3)
Iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia (fetal hemoglobin sometimes present)
56
Increased alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum (3)
Dating error, anencephaly, spina bifida (neural tube defect)
57
Increased uric acid levels (5)
Gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome, loop and thiazide diuretics
58
Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies
Cowdry type A bodies (HSV or CMV)
59
Iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum
Ferruginous bodies (abestosis: Increased chance of mesothelioma)
60
Keratin pearls on a skin biopsy
Squamous cell carcinoma
61
Large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immunodeficiency
Chediak-Higashi disease (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation
62
"Lead pipe" appearance of colon on barium enema x-ray
Ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra)
63
Linear appeareance of IgG deposition on glomerular basement membrane
Goodpasture's syndrome
64
Low serum ceruloplasmin
Wilson's disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)
65
"Lumpy bumpy" appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence
Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (immune complex deposition of IgG and C3b)
66
Lytic ("hole punched") bone leisons on x-ray
Multiple myeloma
67
Mammary gland ("blue domed") cyst
Fibrocystic change of breast
68
Monoconol antibody spike (4)
(1) Multiple myeloma (usually IgG or IgA); (2) Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS; (3) normal conseqence of aging); Waldenstrom's (M protein = IgM) macrogloubulinemia; (4) Primary amyloidosis
69
Mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus
Signet ring (gastric carcinoma)
70
Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium x-ray
"String sign" (Crohn's disease)
71
Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs and necrotizing glomerulonephritis
Ganulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's; c-ANCA positive) and Goodpasture's sndrome (anti-basement membrane anibodies)
72
Needle-shaped, negatvely birefringent crystals
Gout (monosodium urate crystals)
73
Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli
Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)
74
Novobiocin response
Sensitive: Staphylococcus epidermidis; resistant: Staphylococcus saprophyticus
75
"Nutmeg" appearance
Chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure
76
"Onion skin" periosteal reaction
Ewing's sarcoma (malignant round-cell tumor)
77
Optochin response
Sensitive: Streptococcus pneumoniae; resistant: Viridans streptococcus
78
Periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area
Codman's triangle on x-ray (osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis)
79
Podocyte fusion or "effacement" on electron microscopy
Minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome)
80
Polished, "ivory like" appearance of bone at cartilage erosion
Eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis)
81
Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of protein tau
Neurofibillary tangles (Alzheimer's disease) and Pick's bodies (Pic'ks disease)
82
Psammoma bodies (4)
Meningiomas, papillary thyroid carcinoma, mesothelioma, papillary serous carcinoma of the endometrium and ovary
83
Psuedopalisadng tumor cells on brain biopsy
Glioblastoma multiforme
84
RBC casts in urine
Acute glomerulonephritis
85
Rectangular, crystal-like cytoplsamic inclusions in Leydig cells
Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor)
86
Renal epithelial casts in urine
Acute toxic/viral nephrosis
87
Rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent
Pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals)
88
Rib notching
Coartation of the aorta
89
Ring-enhancing brain lesion in AIDS (2)
Taxoplasma gondii, CNS lymphoma
90
Sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells with scattered pale, tingible body-laden macrophages ("starry sky" histology)
Burkitt's lymphoma (t[8:14] c-myc activation, activation, associated with EBV; "black sky" made up of malignant cells)
91
Silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons
Pick bodies (Pick's disease: progreeive dmentia changes in personality)
92
"Soap bubble" in femur or tibia on x-ray
Giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)
93
"Spikes" on basement membrane, "dome like" subepithelial
Membranous glomerulonephritis( may progress to nephrotic syndrome)
94
Stacks of RBCs
Rouleaux formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma)
95
Stippled vaginal epithelial cells
"Clue cells" (Gardnerella vaginalis)
96
"Tennis racket" shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells
Birbeck granules (Langerhans cell histiocytosis or histiocytosis X: eosinophilic granuloma)
97
Thrombi made of white/red layers
Lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)
98
"Thumb sign" on lateral x-ray
Epiglottitis (Haemophilus influenzae)
99
Thyroid-like appearance of kidney
Chronic bacterial pyelonephritis
100
Tram-track appearance of capillary loops ogf glomerular basement membranes on light microscopy
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
101
Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles
Fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)
102
"Waxy" casts with very low urine flow
Chronic end-stage renal disease
103
WBC casts in urine
Acute pyelonephritis
104
WBCs that look "smudged"
CLL (almost always B cell)
105
"Wire loop" glomerular capillary appearance on light microscopy
Lupus nephropathy
106
Yellowish CSF
Xanthochromia (e.g. due to subarachnoid hemorrhage)
