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STEP1 > SPEP1_FC_microbio > Flashcards

SPEP1_FC_microbio Flashcards

1
Q

Block cell wall synthesis by inhibition of peptidoglycan cross-linking [Drugs that]

A

Penicillin, methicillin, ampicillin, piperacillin, cephalosporins, aztreonam, imipenem

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2
Q

Block peptidoglycan sythesis [Drugs that]

A

bcitracin, vancomycin

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3
Q

Block nucleotide sysnthesis by inhibiting folic acid synthesis (involved in methylation) [Drugs that]

A

sulfonamides, trimethoprin

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4
Q

Block DNA topoisomerases [Drugs that]

A

Fluoroquinolones

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5
Q

Block mRNA synthesis [Drugs that]

A

Rifampin

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6
Q

Damage DNA [Drugs that]

A

Metrondozole

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7
Q

Block protein synthesis 50S ribosomal subunit [Drugs that]

A

Chloramphenicol, macrolide, clidamycin, streptogramins (quinupristin, dalfopristin, linezolid)

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8
Q

Block protein synthesis 30S ribosomal subunit [Drugs that]

A

Aminoglycosides, tetracyclines

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9
Q

A3

A

Hemochromatosis

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10
Q

B27

A

Psoriasis, Ankylosing spondylitis, IBD, Reiter’s syndrome

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11
Q

DQ2/DQ8

A

Celiac Disease

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12
Q

DR2

A

MS; hay fever; SLE; Goodpasture

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13
Q

DR3

A

DM type 1; Grave’s disease

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14
Q

DR4

A

RA; DM type 1

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15
Q

DR5

A

Pernicious anemia –> B12 deficiency; Hasimoto’s thyroiditis

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16
Q

Natural Killer Cells

A

perforin and granzymes to induce apoptosis of virally infected cells and tumor cells. ENHANCED by IL-2,IL-12, IFN-beta, IFN-alpha. KILL when exposed to nonspecific activation signal on target cell and/or to an abcense of class I MHC on target surface

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17
Q

IgG

A

main antibody in 2” (delayed) response to antigen. Fixes complement, CROSSES the placenta (passive immunity for the baby), opsonization bacteria, neutralizes bacteria toxins and viruses

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18
Q

IgA

A

prevents atachement to mucus membrane. DOES NOT fix complement. Monomer (cirlation) Dimer (secreted). Found in tears, saliva, mucus, early breast milk (colostrum)

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19
Q

IgM

A

1” (immediate) response to an antigen. Fixes complement. DOES NOT cross the placenta. Ag receptor on surface on the surface of B cells

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20
Q

IgD

A

Unclear function. Found on surface of B cells an in serum

21
Q

IgE

A

Binds mast cells and basophils. Cross links when exposed to allergen. Mediate immediate (type I) hypersentivity through release of inflammatory mediators (ie histamine)

22
Q

Type I Hypersensitivity

A

Anaphylactic and atopic; free antigen cross links IgE; tigger vasoactive amines (histamines) act at post capillary venules; RAPID - PREFORMED ANTIBODY; TEST: skin test for IgE

23
Q

Type II Hypersensitivity

A

Cytotoxic (antibody mediated) - IgM, IgG bind to fixed antigen on “enemy” cell leading to cell destruction. (1) opsonization - leading to phagocytosis or complement activity (2) complement - mediated lysis (3) Antibody dependent cell mediated cytottoxicity - due to NK cells; Test: direct and indirect COOMBs’

24
Q

Type III Hypersensitivity

A

Immune complexes - Ag-AB (IgG) complexes activate complement –> attracts neutrophils –> neutrophils release lysosomal enzymes; TEST: immunofluorecent staining

25
Q

Type IV Hypersensitivity

A

Delayed (T cell mediated) - sensitized T lymphocytes encounter antigen and then release lymphokines (–> macrophage activation; noAB)

26
Q

Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) [associated disorder]

A

SLE, nonspecific

27
Q

Anti-dsDNA, anti Smith [associated disorder]

A

SLE

28
Q

Antihistone [associated disorder]

A

Drug-induced lupus

29
Q

Rheumatoid factor, anti CCP [associated disorder]

A

rheumatoid arthritis

30
Q

Anticentromere [associated disorder]

A

Scleroderma (CREST syndrome)

31
Q

Anti-Scl-70 (anti DNA topoisomerase I) [associated disorder]

A

Scleroderma (diffuse)

32
Q

Antimitochondrial [associated disorder]

A

Primary biliary cirrhosis

33
Q

IgA antiendomysial, IgA anti-tissue transglutaminase [associated disorder]

A

Celiac disease

34
Q

Anti-basement membrane [associated disorder]

A

Goodpasture’s syndrome

35
Q

Anti-desmoglein [associated disorder]

A

pemphigus vulgaris

36
Q

Antimicrosomal, antithyroglobulin [associated disorder]

A

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

37
Q

Anti-Jo-1, anti-SRP, anti-Mi-2 [associated disorder]

A

Polymyositis, dematomyositis

38
Q

Anti-SSA (anti-Ro) [associated disorder]

A

Sjogren’s syndrome

39
Q

Anti-SSB (anti-La) [associated disorder]

A

Sjogren’s syndrome

40
Q

Anti-U1 RNP (ribonucleoprotein) [associated disorder]

A

Mixed CT disease

41
Q

Anti-smooth muscle [associated disorder]

A

Autoimmune hepatitis

42
Q

Anti-glutamate decarboxylase [associated disorder]

A

Type 1 DM

43
Q

c-ANCA (PR3-ANCA) [associated disorder]

A

Granulomatosis with polyangiatits (Wegner’s)

44
Q

p-ANCA (MPO-ANCA) [associated disorder]

A

Microscopic polyangitis, Churg-strauss syndrome

45
Q

Cyclosporine [immunosuppressant]

A

binds to cyclophilins. Complex blocks differentiation and activation of T cells by INHIBITING CALCINEURIN - preventing the production of IL2 and its receptor;;;; suprress organ rejection;;; neprotox/HTN/HyperGYL/tremor/gingival HYPerplasia/hirsutism

46
Q

Tacrolimus (FK-506) [immunosuppressant]

A

Binds to FK-binding protein INHIBITING CALCINEURIN and secretion of IL-2 and other cytokines;;; organ transplant recipients;;;; neprotox/HTN/HyperGYL/tremor

47
Q

Sirolimus [immunosuppressant]

A

inhibits mTOR. Inhibits T cell proliferation in response to IL 2;;;; immuno suppression after kidney transplantation in combination with cyclosporin and cortico steroids AND drug eluding stents;;;;; hyperlipidemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia

48
Q

Azthioprine [immunosuppressant]

A

Antimetaboli precursor of 6-mercaptopurine - interferes with the metabolism and synthesis of neucleic acids. Toxic to proliferating lymphocytes;;;;kidney tranplant/ auto immune dissorders;;;;BM suppression, toxic effect worsened by alopurinol (active metabolite mercaptopurine is oxidized by xanthine oxidase).

49
Q

Muromonab-CD3 (OKT3) [immunosuppressant]

A

Monocolonal antibody that binds to CD3 on the surface of T cells. BLOCK cellular interactions with CD3 protein responsibel for T cell transduction;;;;;kidney transplant;;;;; cytokine release syndrome, hypersensitivty rxn

STEP1 (13 decks)

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