SPEP1_FC_microbio Flashcards
Block cell wall synthesis by inhibition of peptidoglycan cross-linking [Drugs that]
Penicillin, methicillin, ampicillin, piperacillin, cephalosporins, aztreonam, imipenem
Block peptidoglycan sythesis [Drugs that]
bcitracin, vancomycin
Block nucleotide sysnthesis by inhibiting folic acid synthesis (involved in methylation) [Drugs that]
sulfonamides, trimethoprin
Block DNA topoisomerases [Drugs that]
Fluoroquinolones
Block mRNA synthesis [Drugs that]
Rifampin
Damage DNA [Drugs that]
Metrondozole
Block protein synthesis 50S ribosomal subunit [Drugs that]
Chloramphenicol, macrolide, clidamycin, streptogramins (quinupristin, dalfopristin, linezolid)
Block protein synthesis 30S ribosomal subunit [Drugs that]
Aminoglycosides, tetracyclines
A3
Hemochromatosis
B27
Psoriasis, Ankylosing spondylitis, IBD, Reiter’s syndrome
DQ2/DQ8
Celiac Disease
DR2
MS; hay fever; SLE; Goodpasture
DR3
DM type 1; Grave’s disease
DR4
RA; DM type 1
DR5
Pernicious anemia –> B12 deficiency; Hasimoto’s thyroiditis
Natural Killer Cells
perforin and granzymes to induce apoptosis of virally infected cells and tumor cells. ENHANCED by IL-2,IL-12, IFN-beta, IFN-alpha. KILL when exposed to nonspecific activation signal on target cell and/or to an abcense of class I MHC on target surface
IgG
main antibody in 2” (delayed) response to antigen. Fixes complement, CROSSES the placenta (passive immunity for the baby), opsonization bacteria, neutralizes bacteria toxins and viruses
IgA
prevents atachement to mucus membrane. DOES NOT fix complement. Monomer (cirlation) Dimer (secreted). Found in tears, saliva, mucus, early breast milk (colostrum)
IgM
1” (immediate) response to an antigen. Fixes complement. DOES NOT cross the placenta. Ag receptor on surface on the surface of B cells
IgD
Unclear function. Found on surface of B cells an in serum
IgE
Binds mast cells and basophils. Cross links when exposed to allergen. Mediate immediate (type I) hypersentivity through release of inflammatory mediators (ie histamine)
Type I Hypersensitivity
Anaphylactic and atopic; free antigen cross links IgE; tigger vasoactive amines (histamines) act at post capillary venules; RAPID - PREFORMED ANTIBODY; TEST: skin test for IgE
Type II Hypersensitivity
Cytotoxic (antibody mediated) - IgM, IgG bind to fixed antigen on “enemy” cell leading to cell destruction. (1) opsonization - leading to phagocytosis or complement activity (2) complement - mediated lysis (3) Antibody dependent cell mediated cytottoxicity - due to NK cells; Test: direct and indirect COOMBs’
Type III Hypersensitivity
Immune complexes - Ag-AB (IgG) complexes activate complement –> attracts neutrophils –> neutrophils release lysosomal enzymes; TEST: immunofluorecent staining
Type IV Hypersensitivity
Delayed (T cell mediated) - sensitized T lymphocytes encounter antigen and then release lymphokines (–> macrophage activation; noAB)
Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) [associated disorder]
SLE, nonspecific
Anti-dsDNA, anti Smith [associated disorder]
SLE
Antihistone [associated disorder]
Drug-induced lupus
Rheumatoid factor, anti CCP [associated disorder]
rheumatoid arthritis
Anticentromere [associated disorder]
Scleroderma (CREST syndrome)
Anti-Scl-70 (anti DNA topoisomerase I) [associated disorder]
Scleroderma (diffuse)
Antimitochondrial [associated disorder]
Primary biliary cirrhosis
IgA antiendomysial, IgA anti-tissue transglutaminase [associated disorder]
Celiac disease
Anti-basement membrane [associated disorder]
Goodpasture’s syndrome
Anti-desmoglein [associated disorder]
pemphigus vulgaris
Antimicrosomal, antithyroglobulin [associated disorder]
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
Anti-Jo-1, anti-SRP, anti-Mi-2 [associated disorder]
Polymyositis, dematomyositis
Anti-SSA (anti-Ro) [associated disorder]
Sjogren’s syndrome
Anti-SSB (anti-La) [associated disorder]
Sjogren’s syndrome
Anti-U1 RNP (ribonucleoprotein) [associated disorder]
Mixed CT disease
Anti-smooth muscle [associated disorder]
Autoimmune hepatitis
Anti-glutamate decarboxylase [associated disorder]
Type 1 DM
c-ANCA (PR3-ANCA) [associated disorder]
Granulomatosis with polyangiatits (Wegner’s)
p-ANCA (MPO-ANCA) [associated disorder]
Microscopic polyangitis, Churg-strauss syndrome
Cyclosporine [immunosuppressant]
binds to cyclophilins. Complex blocks differentiation and activation of T cells by INHIBITING CALCINEURIN - preventing the production of IL2 and its receptor;;;; suprress organ rejection;;; neprotox/HTN/HyperGYL/tremor/gingival HYPerplasia/hirsutism
Tacrolimus (FK-506) [immunosuppressant]
Binds to FK-binding protein INHIBITING CALCINEURIN and secretion of IL-2 and other cytokines;;; organ transplant recipients;;;; neprotox/HTN/HyperGYL/tremor
Sirolimus [immunosuppressant]
inhibits mTOR. Inhibits T cell proliferation in response to IL 2;;;; immuno suppression after kidney transplantation in combination with cyclosporin and cortico steroids AND drug eluding stents;;;;; hyperlipidemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia
Azthioprine [immunosuppressant]
Antimetaboli precursor of 6-mercaptopurine - interferes with the metabolism and synthesis of neucleic acids. Toxic to proliferating lymphocytes;;;;kidney tranplant/ auto immune dissorders;;;;BM suppression, toxic effect worsened by alopurinol (active metabolite mercaptopurine is oxidized by xanthine oxidase).
Muromonab-CD3 (OKT3) [immunosuppressant]
Monocolonal antibody that binds to CD3 on the surface of T cells. BLOCK cellular interactions with CD3 protein responsibel for T cell transduction;;;;;kidney transplant;;;;; cytokine release syndrome, hypersensitivty rxn
