SPEP1_FC_microbio

Question 1

Block cell wall synthesis by inhibition of peptidoglycan cross-linking [Drugs that]

Answer 1

Penicillin, methicillin, ampicillin, piperacillin, cephalosporins, aztreonam, imipenem

Question 2

Block peptidoglycan sythesis [Drugs that]

Answer 2

bcitracin, vancomycin

Question 3

Block nucleotide sysnthesis by inhibiting folic acid synthesis (involved in methylation) [Drugs that]

Answer 3

sulfonamides, trimethoprin

Question 4

Block DNA topoisomerases [Drugs that]

Answer 4

Fluoroquinolones

Question 5

Block mRNA synthesis [Drugs that]

Answer 5

Rifampin

Question 6

Damage DNA [Drugs that]

Answer 6

Metrondozole

Question 7

Block protein synthesis 50S ribosomal subunit [Drugs that]

Answer 7

Chloramphenicol, macrolide, clidamycin, streptogramins (quinupristin, dalfopristin, linezolid)

Question 8

Block protein synthesis 30S ribosomal subunit [Drugs that]

Answer 8

Aminoglycosides, tetracyclines

Question 9

A3

Answer 9

Hemochromatosis

Question 10

B27

Answer 10

Psoriasis, Ankylosing spondylitis, IBD, Reiter’s syndrome

Question 11

DQ2/DQ8

Answer 11

Celiac Disease

Question 12

DR2

Answer 12

MS; hay fever; SLE; Goodpasture

Question 13

DR3

Answer 13

DM type 1; Grave’s disease

Question 14

DR4

Answer 14

RA; DM type 1

Question 15

DR5

Answer 15

Pernicious anemia –> B12 deficiency; Hasimoto’s thyroiditis

Question 16

Natural Killer Cells

Answer 16

perforin and granzymes to induce apoptosis of virally infected cells and tumor cells. ENHANCED by IL-2,IL-12, IFN-beta, IFN-alpha. KILL when exposed to nonspecific activation signal on target cell and/or to an abcense of class I MHC on target surface

Question 17

IgG

Answer 17

main antibody in 2” (delayed) response to antigen. Fixes complement, CROSSES the placenta (passive immunity for the baby), opsonization bacteria, neutralizes bacteria toxins and viruses

Question 18

IgA

Answer 18

prevents atachement to mucus membrane. DOES NOT fix complement. Monomer (cirlation) Dimer (secreted). Found in tears, saliva, mucus, early breast milk (colostrum)

Question 19

IgM

Answer 19

1” (immediate) response to an antigen. Fixes complement. DOES NOT cross the placenta. Ag receptor on surface on the surface of B cells

Question 20

IgD

Answer 20

Unclear function. Found on surface of B cells an in serum

Question 21

IgE

Answer 21

Binds mast cells and basophils. Cross links when exposed to allergen. Mediate immediate (type I) hypersentivity through release of inflammatory mediators (ie histamine)

Question 22

Type I Hypersensitivity

Answer 22

Anaphylactic and atopic; free antigen cross links IgE; tigger vasoactive amines (histamines) act at post capillary venules; RAPID - PREFORMED ANTIBODY; TEST: skin test for IgE

Question 23

Type II Hypersensitivity

Answer 23

Cytotoxic (antibody mediated) - IgM, IgG bind to fixed antigen on “enemy” cell leading to cell destruction. (1) opsonization - leading to phagocytosis or complement activity (2) complement - mediated lysis (3) Antibody dependent cell mediated cytottoxicity - due to NK cells; Test: direct and indirect COOMBs’

Question 24

Type III Hypersensitivity

Answer 24

Immune complexes - Ag-AB (IgG) complexes activate complement –> attracts neutrophils –> neutrophils release lysosomal enzymes; TEST: immunofluorecent staining

Question 25

Type IV Hypersensitivity

Answer 25

Delayed (T cell mediated) - sensitized T lymphocytes encounter antigen and then release lymphokines (--> macrophage activation; noAB)

Question 26

Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) [associated disorder]

Answer 26

SLE, nonspecific

Question 27

Anti-dsDNA, anti Smith [associated disorder]

Answer 27

SLE

Question 28

Antihistone [associated disorder]

Answer 28

Drug-induced lupus

Question 29

Rheumatoid factor, anti CCP [associated disorder]

Answer 29

rheumatoid arthritis

Question 30

Anticentromere [associated disorder]

Answer 30

Scleroderma (CREST syndrome)

Question 31

Anti-Scl-70 (anti DNA topoisomerase I) [associated disorder]

Answer 31

Scleroderma (diffuse)

Question 32

Antimitochondrial [associated disorder]

Answer 32

Primary biliary cirrhosis

Question 33

IgA antiendomysial, IgA anti-tissue transglutaminase [associated disorder]

Answer 33

Celiac disease

Question 34

Anti-basement membrane [associated disorder]

Answer 34

Goodpasture's syndrome

Question 35

Anti-desmoglein [associated disorder]

Answer 35

pemphigus vulgaris

Question 36

Antimicrosomal, antithyroglobulin [associated disorder]

Answer 36

Hashimoto's thyroiditis

Question 37

Anti-Jo-1, anti-SRP, anti-Mi-2 [associated disorder]

Answer 37

Polymyositis, dematomyositis

Question 38

Anti-SSA (anti-Ro) [associated disorder]

Answer 38

Sjogren's syndrome

Question 39

Anti-SSB (anti-La) [associated disorder]

Answer 39

Sjogren's syndrome

Question 40

Anti-U1 RNP (ribonucleoprotein) [associated disorder]

Answer 40

Mixed CT disease

Question 41

Anti-smooth muscle [associated disorder]

Answer 41

Autoimmune hepatitis

Question 42

Anti-glutamate decarboxylase [associated disorder]

Answer 42

Type 1 DM

Question 43

c-ANCA (PR3-ANCA) [associated disorder]

Answer 43

Granulomatosis with polyangiatits (Wegner's)

Question 44

p-ANCA (MPO-ANCA) [associated disorder]

Answer 44

Microscopic polyangitis, Churg-strauss syndrome

Question 45

Cyclosporine [immunosuppressant]

Answer 45

binds to cyclophilins. Complex blocks differentiation and activation of T cells by INHIBITING CALCINEURIN - preventing the production of IL2 and its receptor;;;; suprress organ rejection;;; neprotox/HTN/HyperGYL/tremor/gingival HYPerplasia/hirsutism

Question 46

Tacrolimus (FK-506) [immunosuppressant]

Answer 46

Binds to FK-binding protein INHIBITING CALCINEURIN and secretion of IL-2 and other cytokines;;; organ transplant recipients;;;; neprotox/HTN/HyperGYL/tremor

Question 47

Sirolimus [immunosuppressant]

Answer 47

inhibits mTOR. Inhibits T cell proliferation in response to IL 2;;;; immuno suppression after kidney transplantation in combination with cyclosporin and cortico steroids AND drug eluding stents;;;;; hyperlipidemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia

Question 48

Azthioprine [immunosuppressant]

Answer 48

Antimetaboli precursor of 6-mercaptopurine - interferes with the metabolism and synthesis of neucleic acids. Toxic to proliferating lymphocytes;;;;kidney tranplant/ auto immune dissorders;;;;BM suppression, toxic effect worsened by alopurinol (active metabolite mercaptopurine is oxidized by xanthine oxidase).

Question 49

Muromonab-CD3 (OKT3) [immunosuppressant]

Answer 49

Monocolonal antibody that binds to CD3 on the surface of T cells. BLOCK cellular interactions with CD3 protein responsibel for T cell transduction;;;;;kidney transplant;;;;; cytokine release syndrome, hypersensitivty rxn