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EPCC Anatomy and Physiology 1 > Visual System > Flashcards

Visual System Flashcards

1
Q

Percentage of body’s sensory receptors in eye?

A

70%

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2
Q

How much of the brain processes visual information

A

About half

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3
Q

What protects the eye?

A
  • Cushion of fat

- Bone

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4
Q

Accessory structures of the eye

A
  • Eyebrows
  • Eyelids (palpebrae)
  • Conjunctiva
  • Lacrimal apparatus
  • Extrinsic eye muscles
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5
Q

Eyebrows and eyelid

A
  • Overlie supraorbital margins
  • Shades eye from sunlight
  • Prevents sweat from reaching eye
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6
Q

Levator palpebrae superioris

A

Upper eyelid mobility

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7
Q

How often do people blink?

A

Every 3-7 seconds

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8
Q

Why do we blink?

A

Protect the eye and spread secretions to moisten eye

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9
Q

Conjunctiva

A
  • Transparent mucous membrane

- Produces a lubricating mucous secretion

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10
Q

Palpebral conjunctiva

A

Lines eyelids

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11
Q

Bulbar conjunctiva

A

Covers white of eyes

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12
Q

Conjunctival sac

A
  • Between palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva

- Where contact lens rest

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13
Q

Conjunctivitis

A
  • Pinkeye

- Can be caused by adenovirus, viral infections

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14
Q

Lateral rectus

A
  • Action: Moves eye laterally

- Cranial nerve: VI (abducens)

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15
Q

Medial rectus

A
  • Action: Moves eye medially

- Cranial nerve: III (oculomotor)

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16
Q

Superior rectus

A
  • Action: Elevates eye and turns it medially

- Cranial nerve: III (oculomotor)

17
Q

Inferior rectus

A
  • Action: Depresses eye and turns it medially

- Cranial nerve: III (oculomotor)

18
Q

Inferior oblique

A
  • Action: Elevates eye and turns it laterally

- Cranial nerve: III (ovulomotor)

19
Q

Superior oblique

A
  • Action: Depresses eye and turn it latterally

- Cranial nerve: IV (trochlear)

20
Q

Layers of eyeball wall

A
  • Fibrous
  • Vascular
  • Inner
21
Q

Fluid filling eye’s internal cavity

A

Humor

22
Q

Iris muscles

A
  • Sphincter pupillae

- Dilator pupillae

23
Q

Response to parasympathetic stimuli

A
  • Sphincter pupillae muscle contracts

- Pupil size decreases

24
Q

Response to sympathetic stimuli

A
  • Dilator pupillae muscle contracts

- Pupil size increases

25
Q

Optic disc

A
  • Blind spot
  • Site where optic nerve leaves eye
  • Lacks photoreceptors
26
Q

Types of photoreceptors

A
  • Rods

- Cones

27
Q

Characteristics of rods

A
  • Noncolor vision (one visual pigment)
  • High sensitivity; functions in dim light
  • Low acuity (many rods converge onto one ganglion cell)
  • More numerous (20 rods /er cone)
  • Mostly in peripheral retina
28
Q

Characteristics of cones

A
  • Color vision (three visual pigments)
  • Low sensitivity; functions in bright light
  • High acuity (one cone per ganglion cell in fovea)
  • Less numerous
  • Mostly in central retina
29
Q

Myopic eye

A
  • Nearsighted: can see near but not far
  • Uncorrected: focal point is in front of retina
  • Corrected: concave lens moves focal point further back
30
Q

Hyperopic eye

A
  • Farsighted: can see far but not near
  • Uncorrected: focal point is behind retina
  • Corrected: convex lens moves focal point forward
31
Q

What happens if there is an injury to the optic chiasma?

A
  • Damage to this area will cause possible damage to the temporal field in both Rt and Lt eye
  • Will not see from the sides peripheral
32
Q

What happens if there is an injury to the optic tract?

A
  • Damage to this area will cause possible damage to the temporal filed of the Rt eye and possible damage to the nasal field of the Lt eye.
  • Will not see from the side (peripheral vision) in Rt eye.
  • Will not see what is in front from the Lt eye
33
Q

What happens if there is an injury to the primary visual cortex?

A
  • Damage to this area will cause possible damage to the temporal filed of the Lt eye and possible damage the nasal field of the Rt eye
  • Will not see from the side (peripheral vision) in Lt eye.
  • Will not see what is in front from the Rt eye.

EPCC Anatomy and Physiology 1 (24 decks)

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