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EPCC Anatomy and Physiology 1 > Chapter 13 Highlihts > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Highlihts Flashcards

1
Q

Divisions of the PNS

A
  • Sensory (afferent)

- Motor (efferent)

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2
Q

Divisions of sensory PNS

A
  • Somatic sensory

- Visceral sensory

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3
Q

Somatic sensory division

A
  • Detects internal and external stimuli
  • General sense receptors sense the skin
  • Special sense receptors detect from special sense organs
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4
Q

Visceral sensory division

A

Relays internal information (PP) from organs of abdominopelvic and thoracic cavities

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5
Q

Divisions of motor division

A
  • Somatic motor

- Visceral motor

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6
Q

Somatic motor division

A

Voluntary motor functions

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7
Q

Lower motor neurons

A
  • Somatic motor neurons

- Directly triggers skeletal muscle contractions

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8
Q

Visceral motor division

A
  • Autonomic motor nervous system (ANS)
  • Maintains homeostasis
  • Involuntary
  • Innervates cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and secretory cells of glands
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9
Q

Divisions of autonomic NS

A
  • Sympathetic

- Parasympathetic

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10
Q

Sympathetic NS

A
  • Fight of flight

- Homeostatic activities surround physical work and visceral responses of emotions

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11
Q

Parasympathetic NS

A
  • Rest and digest

- Maintains homeostasis at rest

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12
Q

Peripheral nerves

A
  • Main organs of PNS

- Axons of many neurons bound together by connective tissue

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13
Q

Mixed nerve

A

Contains both sensory and motor neurons

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14
Q

Sensory nerve

A

Contain only sensory neurons

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15
Q

Motor nerve

A
  • Contain MOSTLY motor neurons

- Some sensory neurons involved in muscle stretch and tension

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16
Q

Spinal nerve

A
  • Originate from spinal cord

- Innervate structures below head and neck

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17
Q

Collections of axons that connect PNS with spinal cord’s gray matter

A
  • Ventral root

- Dorsal root

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18
Q

Ventral root

A
  • Anterior root

- Motor neurons from anterior horn

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19
Q

Dorsal root

A
  • Posterior root

- Sensory neurons from posterior horn

20
Q

What kind of nerves are spinal nerves?

A

Mixed nerves

21
Q

Dorsal root ganglion

A
  • Swollen area in posterior root

- Houses cell bodies of sensory neurons

22
Q

How does a spinal nerve form?

A

Posterior and anterior roots fuse just lateral to posterior root ganglion

23
Q

Structures associated with spinal nerves

A
  • Epineurium
  • Perineurium
  • Fascicles
  • Endoneurium
  • Axon
24
Q

Epineurium

A
  • Outermost layer of connective tissue

- Holds motor and sensory axons together

25
Q

Perineurium

A

Layer of connective tissue which surrounds fascicles

26
Q

Fascicles

A

Bundles of axons

27
Q

Endoneurium

A

Layer of connective tissue with surrounds an axon

28
Q

Cranial nerves which contain axons of ONLY sensory neurons

A
  • Olfactory (I)
  • Optic (II)
  • Vestibulocochlear (VIII)
29
Q

Cranial nerves which contain primarily axons of motor neurons with associated sensory axons responsible for proprioception

A
  • Oculomotor (III)
  • Trochlear (IV)
  • Abducens (VI)
  • Accessory (XI)
  • Hypoglossal (XII)
30
Q

Cranial nerves which contain axons of both sensory and motor neurons

A
  • Trigeminal (V)
  • Facial (VII)
  • Glossopharyngeal (IX)
  • Vagus (X)
31
Q

Trigeminal neuralgia

A
  • Tic douloureux
  • Chronic tooth or molar pain
  • Characterized by brief attacks of intense pain
32
Q

How long does the pain from trigeminal neuralgia last?

A

A few seconds to 2 minutes, several times a day

33
Q

Is trigeminal neuralgia typically bilateral or unilateral?

A

Unilateral

34
Q

What stimuli triggers trigeminal neuralgia attacks?

A
  • Chewing
  • Light touch
  • Vibratory stimuli
  • Light breeze
35
Q

What causes trigeminal neuralgia?

A

Unknown

36
Q

Are medications effective in treating trigeminal neuralgia

A

Typically ineffective

37
Q

How is trigeminal neuralgia treated?

A

Reducing aberrant transmission through nerve, often by severing it

38
Q

Bell’s palsy

A
  • Facial nerve’s motor root is impaired by virus, tumor, trauma, or unknown cause
  • Weakness or complete paralysis of facial expression muscles on affected side
  • Leads to problems with blinking, closing eye, and making general facial expressions
39
Q

How fast does Bell’s palsy develop?

A

Rapid onset of symptoms

40
Q

How is Bell’s palsy treated?

A
  • Anti-inflammatory medication
  • Antiviral medication
  • PT
  • Surgery
41
Q

Remembering the cranial nerves (names)

A
  • Oh (I, olfactory)
  • Once (II, optic)
  • One (III, ovulomotor)
  • Takes (IV, trochlear)
  • The (V, trigeminal)
  • Anatomy (VI, abducens)
  • Final (VII, facial)
  • Very (VIII, vestibulocochlear)
  • Good (IX, glossopharyngeal)
  • Vacations (X, vagus)
  • Are (XI, accessory)
  • Happening (XII, hypoglossal)
42
Q

Remembering the cranial nerves (function)

A
  • Some (I, Olfactory – Sensory)
  • Say (II, Optic – Sensory)
  • Money (III, Oculomotor – Motor)
  • Matters (IV, Trochlear – Motor)
  • But (V, Trigeminal – Both)
  • My (VI, Abducens – Motor)
  • Brother (VII, Facial – Both)
  • Says (VIII, Vestibulocochlear – Sensory)
  • Big (IX, Glossopharyngeal – Both)
  • Brains (X, Vagus – Both)
  • Matter (XI, Accessory – Motor)
  • More (XII, Hypoglossal – Motor)
43
Q

Breakdown of spinal nerves

A
  • 8 pairs of cervical
  • 12 pairs of thoracic
  • 5 pairs of lumbar and sacral
  • 1 pair of coccygeal
44
Q

How does a nerve plexus form?

A
  • Anterior rami of cervical, lumbar, and sacral spinal nerves each merge
45
Q

Types of reflexes

A
  • Simple stretch reflex
  • Golgi tendon reflexes
  • Flexion (withdrawal)
  • Crossed-extension spinal reflexes
  • Cranial nerve reflex
46
Q

Babinski sign

A
  • Normal response: plantar reflex

- Positive Babinski sign: present in adults with upper motor neuron disorders

EPCC Anatomy and Physiology 1 (24 decks)

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