Chapter 7: Appendicular Skeleton

Question 1

How many bones are in the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 1

126

Question 2

Pectoral girdle

Answer 2

• Consists of clavicle and scapula

- Articulates the upper limbs with the trunk

Question 3

Clavicle and scapula

Answer 3

• Position the shoulder joint
• Help move the upper limb
• Provide a base for muscle attachment

Question 4

Where does the humerus articulate with the scapula?

Answer 4

Glenohumeral joint

Question 5

Muscle attachment sites of the humerus

Answer 5

Greater and lesser tubercles

Question 6

How many carpal bones are there?

Answer 6

8

Question 7

How many metacarpal bones are there?

Answer 7

5

Question 8

Characteristics of the wrist joint

Answer 8

• Carpus forms wrist
• 2 rows of short bones
• Distal row articulates with metacarpals
• Four fingers have 3 phalanges
• Pollex (thumb) has 2
• As a unit are convex posteriorly and concave anteriorly

Question 9

Carpal tunnel

Answer 9

• On anterior surface

- Ligament from tubercle of trazpezium to hook of hamate

Question 10

Pelvic girdle

Answer 10

• More massive than the pectoral girdle
• Consists of 2 os coxae
• Fusion of ilium, ischium, and pubis

Question 11

Ilium

Answer 11

• Largest hip bone
• Within acetabulum, fused to the ischium posteriorly and the pubis anteriorly
• Pubic symphysis limits left to right

Question 12

Ischium

Answer 12

The “sit down” bone which fuses with the ilium

Question 13

Ischial tuberosity

Answer 13

• The most outstanding marking on the ischium

- Receives all the body’s weight when seated

Question 14

Pubis

Answer 14

The most anterior portion of the coxal bone

Question 15

Pelvis

Answer 15

• Composed of the hipbones, sacrum, and coccyx

Question 16

Divisions of the pelvis

Answer 16

• False pelvis (greater)

- True pelvis (lesser)

Question 17

False pelvis

Answer 17

The portion superior to the arcuate line

Question 18

True pelvis

Answer 18

• In a line that extends along the ilialpectineal line (arcuate line and pectineal line) to the pubic symphysis

Question 19

Sex differences between male and female pelvis

Answer 19

• Male angle of the ischium: 90 degrees or less

- Female angle of the ischium: 100 degrees or more

Question 20

Femur

Answer 20

• Longest bone in the body

- Articulates with the tibia at the knee

Question 21

Patella

Answer 21

Large sesamoid bone

Question 22

Fibula

Answer 22

Parallels tibia laterally

Question 23

How many tarsal bones are there?

Answer 23

7

Question 24

Function of the arch of the foot

Answer 24

• Distribute the weight of the body between the heel and ball of foot
• Weight is distributed first to the calcaneus then to the lateral side of the foot to the ball of the feet

Question 25

Major arches of the foot

Answer 25

• Transverse arch
• Medial longitudinal arch
• Lateral longitudinal arch

Question 26

Factors that cause variation in the skeletal system

Answer 26

• Medical history
• Weight
• Gender
• Body size
• Muscle mass
• Age

Question 27

When do age related changes occur in the skeletal system?

Answer 27

• About age 1

- Continue throughout life