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EPCC Anatomy and Physiology 1 > Chapter 7: Axial Skeleton > Flashcards

Chapter 7: Axial Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

How many bones are in the body?

A

206

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2
Q

How many are in the axial skeleton?

A

80

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3
Q

How many are in the appendicular skeleton?

A

126

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4
Q

How many bones are associated with the skull?

A

29

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5
Q

How many bones are in the thoracic cage?

A

25

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6
Q

How many bones are in the vertebral column?

A

26

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7
Q

Skull

A
  • Consists of the cranium and the bones of the face

- Encloses the cranial cavity

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8
Q

What do the facial bones do?

A

Surround and protect the entrances to the respiratory and digestive tracts

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9
Q

Sutures of the skull

A
  • Lambdoid
  • Coronal
  • Sagittal
  • Squamous
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10
Q

Lambdoid Suture

A

Attaches/separates the occipital bone from the two parietal bones

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11
Q

Coronal Suture

A

Attaches the frontal to the two parietal bones

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12
Q

Sagittal Suture

A
  • Located between the two parietal bones

- Extends from the lambdoid to coronal suture

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13
Q

Squamous

A

The boundary between the temporal and the parietal bone on either side of the skull

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14
Q

Which cranial bones articulate with the sphenoid bone?

A

All of them

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15
Q

Which cranial bones have sinuses?

A
  • Frontal
  • Sphenioid
  • Ethmoid
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16
Q

Which facial bone is the largest?

A

Largest facial bones are in the maxillae

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17
Q

Maxillae

A

Forms the upper jaw and most of the hard palate

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18
Q

Palatine bones

A
  • Small “L” shaped bones

- Forms the posterior hard palate and floor of the nasal cavity

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19
Q

Nasal bones

A
  • Superior border of external nares

- Forms the bridge of the nose

20
Q

Vomer

A

Inferior portion of the nasal septum

21
Q

Zygomatic bone

A

Temporal process articulates with zygomatic process of temporal bone

22
Q

Lacrimal bones

A
  • Smallest bones of the face

- Sit medially in orbit

23
Q

Mandible

A
  • Only moveable facial bone

- Bone of the lower jaw

24
Q

Hyoid

A
  • Suspended by stylohyoid ligaments
  • Connects from the mastoid process (temporal bone) to the lesser horn (hyoid)
  • Supports the larynx
25
Q

How many bones are in the orbital complex?

A

7

26
Q

Nasal complex

A

Bones that enclose the nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses

27
Q

What is the function of fontanels?

A

They permit skulls of infants and children to continue growing

28
Q

Primary (accommodation) curves

A

Thoracic and sacral

29
Q

Secondary (compensation) curves

A

Lumbar and cervical

30
Q

Abnormal curvatures in the spine

A
  • Kyphosis
  • Lordosis
  • Scoliosis
31
Q

Vertebral anatomy

A
  • Typically has a body and vertebral arch
  • Superior and inferior articular processes
  • Separated by intervertebral discs
32
Q

Cervical vertebrae

A
  • Has distinctive shape
  • Large relative size of vertebral foramen
  • Only vertebra with transverse foramina
  • Notched spinous processes
33
Q

Thoracic vertebrae

A
  • Resembles a giraffe’s face due to slender spinous process
  • Heart-shaped body
  • Articulations for ribs: superior or inferior costal facets
34
Q

Lumbar vertebrae

A
  • Resembles a moose head
  • Most massive and largest vertebral body area
  • Least mobile
  • Subjected to great stresses
35
Q

Sacrum

A
  • Protects reproductive, digestive, and urinary organs

- Articulates with pelvic girdle and fused elements of coccyx

36
Q

How do you know is a sacrum is male or female?

A
  • More curved = male

- Less curved = female

37
Q

Thoracic cage

A

Consists of:

  • Thoracic vertebrae
  • Ribs
  • Sternum
38
Q

Rib cage

A

Formed by the ribs and sternum

39
Q

True ribs

A
  • Ribs 1-7

- Attach to sternum

40
Q

False ribs

A
  • Ribs 8-12

- Do not attach directly to the sternum

41
Q

Vertebrochondral ribs

A
  • Ribs 8-10

- Costal cartilage of ribs fuses together and merge with the cartilage of rib 7 before reaching the sternum

42
Q

Floating ribs

A
  • 11-12

- No connection to sternum

43
Q

Characteristics of a typical rib

A
  • Has a head, neck, tubercle, and a body

- Costal groove marks pathway of blood returning to the heart

44
Q

Parts of the sternum

A
  • Manubrium
  • Body
  • Xiphoid process
45
Q

Manubrium

A

Superior region of sternum

46
Q

Body

A

Main portion of the sternum

47
Q

Xiphoid process

A

Inferior end of sternum

EPCC Anatomy and Physiology 1 (24 decks)

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