Visual perception Flashcards
State of Art
structuralism
Outlines how conscious awareness is a sum of sensations and perception (interaction of different parts of the brain) and nothing else
*gestaltism
Contradicts structralism and states that conscious awareness is more than the sum of elementary sensations and can have a characteristic not present i any of the elementary sensations - viewing the brain as a whole
Outline the evidence that rejects structuralism
- apparent motion: when two stationary objects are seen in succession quickly, the observer can see motion
- illusory contours: perceiving contours in place where there are no physical contours (e.g triangle with edges)
What is the gestalt principle of grouping
- Grouping is a process where a perceptual whole is formed by bounding different aspects (e.g seeing someone as a whole and not just parts
List principles of grouping
- More principles = more likely component of an image will be grouped together to form a perceptual object
1. Good continuation: Aligned or nearly aligned contours are grouped together to form a single object (e.g: cables on top of each other)
2. Pragnaz: Groupings occur to make resultant figure as simple as possible (e.g panda)
3. Similarity: more similar = more likely to be grouped together (e.g columns of dots)
4. Proximity: closer = more likely to be grouped together
5. Common fate: things that move together are grouped together
6. Common region: Elements in the same regions of space are grouped together
7. Uniform connectedness: Connected regions with the same visual characteristics are grouped together
What are the 3 main difficulties of object perception
- ambiguity:
- objects can be partially occluded or blurred
- objects look different in different poses and from different viewpoints
principles of segregation
Name figural properties that causes someone to identify something as the figure
- In front of the image
- At the bottom of the image
- convex: bulges going out = concave, going in = convex
- recognisable: experience
Explain gist perception
-The longer a stimulus is presented, the more detail and accurate can be reported.
- Can report something just after 27 ms for gist
- Very accurate perception in 250 ms