research methods

Question 1

Descriptive study design

Answer 1

natural state of individuals
nothing manipulated, observed as it is

Question 2

correlation study design

Answer 2

relationship between variable, no manipulation, observing it as it exists, prevalence of association

Question 3

4 scales of measurement

Answer 3

Nominal: based on set of categories, no intrinsic orderingb
Ordinal scale: has a predetermined or natural order
Interval scale: whole amounts of something but no zero, bands are equal
Ratio scale: like interval but with zero

Question 4

5 ethics

Answer 4

Merit:justified by potential benefit ot society suhca s knowledge and understand or wellbeing - scientifically sound- likey to achieve aims - perform literature review
Integrity- perform under well founded principles - honestly and transparently
Justice: inclusive and exclusion of research participants is fair - no one is exploited
Beneficence: risks and benefits - risks controlled - info
Respect: holding regard for the participants welfare, value, culture, belief - confidentiality

Question 5

constructs

Answer 5

intangible,a bstract, not directly observable or measurable

Question 6

opertaional

Answer 6

refers to process of defining and measuring unobservable contruct indirectly

Question 7

association study design

Answer 7

relatinship between 2 variables and indicates that changes in on e varible are related to change in another but does not imply cause adn effect relationship

Question 8

Experimental design

Answer 8

determining cause and effect, involve manipulation of IV, involves use of controlled experimental conditioning to increase internal validy

Question 9

Quasi-experimental design:

Answer 9

determine cause and effect, no random sampling, use a specific demographic, less controlled

Question 10

Non-experimental:

Answer 10

observation of a relationship and compare groups on a single variable