Vision and Hearing Flashcards
MCC vision loss in people over 65
AMD: age-related macular degeneration
RF of AMD
advancing age, family history of AMD, Caucasian race, female gender, hypertension and cigarette smoking
Dry AMD
- nonexudative AMD
- Central retinal atrophy, degeneration, drusen deposition, 90%
Wet AMD
- Exudative AMD
- leakage of serious fluid into retina-> neovascularization-> under RPE
- Less common (10%), more severe, sudden vision loss
Ab treatment with AMD
anti-VEGF agents
bevacizumab (Avastin)
ranibizumab (Lucentis)
Posterior subcapsular subtype of Cataract is related to ___
steroid use, diabetes, or a history of ocular inflammation
MC type of cataract is __
nuclear sclerotic
Sx of cataract
blurriness, glare (especially at night), monocular diplopia, as it develops can perceive object with yellow hue
Presbyopia
- Accommodationallows eyes to shift focus between far and near objects
- Beginning at around age 40 through about age 65,the lens progressively hardens and decreases elasticity -> leads to the loss ofaccommodation and the ability to focus on near objects.
Glaucoma
- Optic neuropathy with typical peripheral visual field changes and usually (but not always) associated with increased intraocular pressure
- One of the leading causes of preventable blindness
Primary open-angle glaucome
idiopathic decrease in drainage, gradual, much more common
Closed-angle glaucoma
medical emergency.Sudden rise in pressure. “Acute glaucoma”
Number one cause of blindness for working age adults and one of the leading causes in the elderly population
DM Retinopathy
Non-proliferative type of DM retinopathy
- “background” vessel damage
- microaneurysms
- dot-and-bothemorrhages
- cotton wool spots
Proliferative type of DM retinopathy
neovascularization, can involve macula
