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Exam 2 > Vision Anatomy Part 2 (2) > Flashcards

Vision Anatomy Part 2 (2) Flashcards

1
Q

hat is the ciliary body?

A

Anteriorly, the choroid becomes the ciliary body, a thickened ring of tissue that encircles the lens
(trampoline) and has 3 parts

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2
Q

What are the 3 parts of the ciliary body?

A

Ciliary muscles, ciliary processes and ciliary zonules

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3
Q

What is the ciliary muscle?

A

Make up most of ciliary body

Smooth muscle bundles that control lens shape

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4
Q

What do the ciliary processes do?

A

Secrete the fluid that fills the cavity of the anterior segment of the eyeball

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5
Q

What are the ciliary zonules?

A

They extend from the ciliary processes to the lens

Halo of fine fibers that encircle the circumference of the lens and helps hold it in upright position

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6
Q

What is the iris?

A

Colored part of eye

Most anterior portion of the vascular layers

Lies between cornea and lens, and is continuous with the ciliary body posteriorly

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7
Q

What does the pupil do?

A

Allows light to enter the eye

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8
Q

What 2 smooth muscle layers make up the iris?

A

Sphincter pupillae and dilator papillae

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9
Q

The sphincter pupillae is…

A

Parasympathetic

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10
Q

The dialtor pupillae is…

A

Sympathetic

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11
Q

Our pupils often dilate when we see something that…

A

appeals us

when we feel fear

during problem solving

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12
Q

Our pupils often constrict when we are…

A

Bored

viewing something that is unpleasant

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13
Q

What is the sensory tunic (retina)?

A

The innermost layer of the eyeball (delicate)

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14
Q

What are the 2 layers the sensory tunic (retina) made up of?

A

Pigmented and neural (not fused together)

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15
Q

Which layer of the retina plays a direct role in vision?

A

Neural layer

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16
Q

What does the pigmented layer of the retina do?

A

Absorbs excess light and prevents it from scattering

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17
Q

What 3 cells make up the neural layer of the retina?

A

Photoreceptors, bipolar cells and ganglion cells

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18
Q

What two cells make up photoreceptors?

A

Rods and cones

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19
Q

What are rod cells?

A

They are our dim-light and peripheral vision receptors

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20
Q

There are __________ rod cells and far more _________ to light than cones

A

numerous, sensitive

21
Q

How many rod cells attach to a bipolar cell?

A

Many

22
Q

How many cone cells attach to a bipolar cell?

A

1

23
Q

What do cone cells do?

A

They are our vision receptors for bright light and provide high-resolution color vision

24
Q

All photoreceptors synapse with…

A

bipolar cells

25
Q

All bipolar cells synapse with…

A

ganglion cells

26
Q

Which cells send the action potential?

A

Ganglion

27
Q

What is the fundus?

A

Posterior wall of the eye

28
Q

What is the optic disc?

A

Where the nerve exits the eye

Is a weak spot in the fundus (posterior wall) because it is not reinforced by the sclera

The blind spot

29
Q

What is the macula lutea?

A

Lateral to the blind spot in the eye

Allows light to pass almost directly to the photoreceptors, greatly enhancing the ability to resolve detail

30
Q

What is the fovea?

A

The pit in the center of the macula lutea

31
Q

The fovea contains only…

A

cones

32
Q

The macula lutea contains mostly _____ and from the edge of the macula toward the retina periphery, ____ ________ declines gradually

A

cones

cone density

(move away from macula lutea means more rods, less cones)

33
Q

The lens is divided into what 2 segments?

A

Anterior segment and posterior segment

34
Q

The posterior segment is filled with what fluid?

A

Vitreous humor

35
Q

The vitreous humor transmits…

A

light

36
Q

The vitreous humor supports…

A

the posterior surface of the lens and holds the neural layer of the retina firmly against the pigmented layer

37
Q

The vitreous humor contributes to…

A

intraocular pressure, helping counteract the pulling force of the extrinsic eye muscles

38
Q

What are the 2 anterior segment divisions?

A

Anterior chamber and posterior chamber

39
Q

Where is the anterior chamber?

A

Between the cornea and the iris

40
Q

Where is the posterior chamber?

A

Between the iris and the lens

41
Q

What is the entire anterior segment filled with?

A

Aqueous humor

42
Q

What is aqueous humor?

A

A clear fluid similar in composition to blood plasma

43
Q

Does vitreous humor form and drain continuously?

A

No

44
Q

Does aqueous humor form and drain continuously?

A

Yes

45
Q

Where does aqueous humor drain from?

A

Scleral venous sinus

46
Q

What does aqueous humor do?

A

Supplies nutrients and oxygen to the lens and cornea

47
Q

What is a cataract?

A

A clouding of the lens that causes the world to appear distorted (seeing through a foggy glass)

48
Q

How are cataracts formed?

A

Age-related hardening and thickening of the lens

Heavy smoking

Frequent exposure to sunlight

Exam 2 (11 decks)

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