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Exam 2 > Vision Anatomy (2) > Flashcards

Vision Anatomy (2) Flashcards

1
Q

Accessory structures mean:

A

What surrounds the eye

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2
Q

What do eyebrows do?

A

Prevent sweat from getting into the eye and shade the eyes from sunlight

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3
Q

Another word for eyelid

A

Palpebrae

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4
Q

What are the eyelids separated by?

A

Palpebral fissure

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5
Q

What is a medial and lateral commissure (canthus) and canthi)?

A

The medial and lateral angels of the palpebral fissure

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6
Q

What is a sty?

A

A painful inflammation of the sebaceous glands at the base of the eyelashes

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7
Q

Where do eyelashes project from?

A

The free margin

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8
Q

What do eyelashes do?

A

The follicles of each eyelash hairs are richly innervated by nerve endings (hair follicle receptors) and anything that touches the lashes (puff of air) triggers reflex blinking

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9
Q

What do tarsal glands do?

A

These sebaceous glands produce an oily secretion that lubricates the eyelid

Prevents the eyelids from sticking together

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10
Q

Tarsal glands are embedded in the…

A

tarsal plates

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11
Q

Tarsal gland’s ducts open at the…

A

eyelid edge posterior to the eyelashes

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12
Q

What is a chalazion?

A

A small, firm bump that forms on the eyelid when an oil gland becomes blocked (large)

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13
Q

The eyelids are thin, skin-covered folds supported internally by connective tissue called…

A

Tarsal plates

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14
Q

What muscle does the tarsal plate anchor?

A

Orbicularis oculi

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15
Q

What does the orbicularis oculi do?

A

Squeezes the eyes shut

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16
Q

What eye muscles are part of the oculomotor nerve?

A

Inferior rectus, superior rectus, medial rectus, and inferior oblique

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17
Q

What eye muscle is part of the trochlear nerve?

A

Superior oblique

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18
Q

What eye muscle is part of abducens?

A

Lateral rectus

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19
Q

What is the palpebral conjunctiva?

A

It lines the eyelids

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20
Q

What is the bulbar conjunctiva?

A

It folds over back over the anterior surface of the eyeball

Covers only the white part of the eye

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21
Q

What is the conjunctiva?

A

A transparent mucous membrane

22
Q

What is conjunctivitis?

A

Inflammation of the conjunctiva, results in red and irritated eyes

23
Q

What is conjunctivitis caused by?

A

Bacteria or viruses, they are highly contagious: pinkeye

24
Q

Where is the lacrimal gland?

A

Lies in the orbit above the lateral end of the eye and is visible through the conjunctiva when the lid is everted (inside out)

25
Q

What does the lacrimal gland do?

A

Continuously releases a dilute saline solution (tears) into the superior part of the conjunctival sac through several small excretory ducts

26
Q

Step 1 path of tears:

A

The LACRIMAL GLAND produces and secretes tears (lacrimal secretions)

27
Q

Step 2 path of tears:

A

Tears enter the conjunctional sac via the EXCRETORY DUCTS OF THE LACRIMAL GLAND

28
Q

Step 3 path of tears:

A

Tears flow down and across the eyeball

29
Q

Step 4 path of tears:

A

Tears enter the LACRIMAL CANALICULI at openings called LACRIMAL PUNCTA

30
Q

Step 5 path of tears:

A

Tears drain into the LACRIMAL SAC

31
Q

Step 6 path of tears:

A

From the lacrimal sac, tears empty via the NASOLACRIMAL DUCT into the inferior meatus of the nasal cavity

32
Q

What are the 6 eye muscles?

A

Superior rectus, inferior rectus, lateral rectus, medial rectus, inferior oblique and superior oblique

33
Q

What are the 2 parts of fibrous tunic?

A

Sclera and cornea

34
Q

What is the fibrous layer?

A

The outermost coat of the eyeball

35
Q

What is the sclera?

A

Forms the posterior portion and bulk of the fibrous layer (of the eyeball)

36
Q

What does the sclera do?

A

Protects and shapes the eyeball,

and provides a sturdy anchoring site for the extrinsic eye muscles

37
Q

Posteriorly, the sclera is pierced by which nerve?

A

Optic (II)

38
Q

What is continuous with the dura mater of the brain?

A

The sclera

39
Q

Where is the cornea?

A

The anterior sixth of the fibrous layer and bulges anteriorly from its junction with the sclera

40
Q

What does the cornea do?

A

Forms a window that lets light enter the eye

and is a major part of the light-bending apparatus of the eye

41
Q

What cells protect the cornea from abrasion? (the external sheet?)

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

42
Q

What cells compose the deep corneal endothelium? (inner layer)

A

Simple squamous epithelium

43
Q

The cornea does not have a…

A

blood supply

44
Q

The cornea is well supplied with…

A

nerve endings, most of which are pain receptors

45
Q

The wall of the eyeball is composed of what 3 layers?

A

Fibrous, vascular and inner layers

46
Q

What is the vascular tunic (uvea) layer?

A

Forms the middle coat of the eyeball

47
Q

What are the 3 parts of the vascular tunic?

A

Choroid, ciliary body and iris

48
Q

What does the choroid do?

A

As light enters the pupil, it absorbs excess light which prevents it from scattering and reflecting within the eye

49
Q

The choroid’s blood vessels…

A

nourish all eye layers

50
Q

The choroid forms…

A

the posterior 5/6 of the vascular layer

51
Q

The choroid has a posterior opening where the…

A

optic nerve leaves the eye

Exam 2 (11 decks)

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