Taste (1)

Question 1

What are the chemical senses?

Answer 1

Taste and smell

Question 2

Another word for taste

Answer 2

Gustation

Question 3

Another word for smell

Answer 3

Olfaction

Question 4

What are the 4 types of papillae?

Answer 4

Filiform, fungiform, foliate, and circumvallate

Question 5

Where is the fungiform papillae?

Answer 5

Scattered over the entire tongue surface (2/3 anterior), and only have 5 taste buds each

Question 6

Where is the foliate papillae?

Answer 6

Laterally on the tongue, contain many taste buds during childhood but fewer with age

Question 7

Where is the circumvallate?

Answer 7

Back of the tongue (1/3), form a V shape, and are the largest and least numerous papillae but have many taste buds (7-15)

Question 8

What are gustatory (epithelial) cells?

Answer 8

Receptor cells for taste (taste cells)

Question 9

What are gustatory hairs?

Answer 9

Long microvilli that project from the tips of all gustatory epithelial cells and extend through a taste pore to the surface of the epithelium, where they are bathed in saliva

They are also receptor membranes of the gustatory epithelial cells

Question 10

What are taste pores?

Answer 10

Any of the small openings in the tongue epithelium that allow dissolved food to come into contact with the taste receptors

Question 11

What are basal cells?

Answer 11

Act as stem cells and divide and differentiate into new gustatory epithelial cells every 7-10 days

Question 12

What are the 5 basic tastes?

Answer 12

Sweet, sour, salty, bitter and umami

Question 13

Sweet:

Answer 13

Sugars, alcohol and amino acids

Question 14

Sour:

Answer 14

Acids, H+

Question 15

Salty:

Answer 15

Inorganic salts, NaCl (cation and anion together)

Question 16

Bitter:

Answer 16

Bases, nicotine and caffeine

Question 17

Umami:

Answer 17

“delicious”, glutamate

Question 18

What are the maps of sensory areas?

Answer 18

Taste buds can receive all tastes

Question 19

The physiological need of the body an effect…

Answer 19

Psychological behavior

Question 20

Chemical needs to be in a….

Answer 20

Solution

Question 21

Solution for taste:

Answer 21

Saliva

Question 22

What is transduction?

Answer 22

Changing the energy into something else.

Some things do things slightly different

Ex: change chemical to electrical impulse

Question 23

What is gustducin?

Answer 23

Bitter, sweet and umami responses share a common mechanism, but each receptors is coupled to a common G protein (gustducin)

Activation leads to the release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores, which causes cation channels in the plasma membrane to open, thereby depolarizing the cell and releasing the neurotransmitter ATP

Question 24

Taste is ____% smell

Answer 24

80%

Question 25

Facial nerve (VII) transmits impulses from…

Answer 25

taste receptors in the anterior 2/3 of tongue

Question 26

The lingual branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) services the….

Answer 26

posterior 1/3 of of the tongue and the pharynx just behind

Question 27

The vagus nerve (X) primarily conducts…

Answer 27

taste impulses from the few taste buds in the epiglottis and the lower pharynx

Question 28

What are the influences of smell?

Answer 28

Thermoreceptors, mechanoreceptors and nociceptors

Question 29

Thermoreceptors:

Answer 29

Temp can change taste
Ex: cold pizza is better than hot pizza

Question 30

Mechanoreceptors:

Answer 30

Ex: blending up food

Question 31

Nociceptors:

Answer 31

Ex: hot foods such as peppers bring pleasurable effects by exciting pain receptors in the mouth

Question 32

What are the first order neurons?

Answer 32

Cranial nerves- facial, glossopharyngeal and vagus

Question 33

Glutamate is….

Answer 33

Savory